Our Lebanese heroes who gave their lives on the altars of the nation also taught us that he who has faith in the nation, in liberty, and in the rights of its citizens will defend them with absolute vigor and most honorable dedication, and will not fear any threats, threat of oppression, the loss of position or property, or the disappearance of "Thyself" in a Fiery Syro/Israeli/MOSSAD Car BOMB, with CIA's Blessing, and ACTIVE Participation, from Inception to Execution of the CRIME.
Whoever carried out the operation demonstrated very impressive capabilities, in particular in collecting intelligence. That's Assef Shawkat.
Such an operation requires the most exact planning for months in advance. Precise information is needed, which must come from the target's inner circle.
That's Assef Shawkat.
They must have provided details on his daily routine, movements, "visiting" places and security arrangements....That's Assef Shawkat.
Planning such an operation also requires precision in getting the operators where they need to be, and even more important, they must know how to get away.
That's Assef Shawkat.
And all this must be done without leaving a trace..... That's also, Assef Shawkat.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
"The price good people pay for their indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men."
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Assassination of MP and Minister Mr. Elie Hobeika, January 24th 2002.
"A wilderness of mirrors"
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://phoeniciaphoenix.blogspot.com/
http://lebaneseresistance.blogspot.com/
------------------
Special Investigation.
*************************
"SWAP" MADE IN * WHITE HOUSE'S MURDER INC...
*******************
February 13th, 2008 -- !
Bush's strangest Syrian bedfellow: Assef Shawkat, Head of Syria's Military Intelligence... At center of suspicion in Hezbollah leader's car bombing.... of America's "Most Wanted" Imad F. Mugniyah.
The head of Syrian military intelligence, Assef Shawkat, is no stranger to working with the CIA. Syria has, since 9/11, served as a host for the torture of "extraordinarily renditioned" prisoners captured by the CIA. Shawkat has been at the center of the CIA's program.
WMR has learned from reliable sources that the car bombing in Damascus of Hezbollah military commander Imad Mugniyah on February 12 was carried out by Shawkat with the active encouragement and support of Deputy National Security Adviser Elliott Abrams and Israel's Mossad. WMR has reported in the past that Abrams is the coordinator within the Bush White House of political assassinations, particularly those in the Middle East, and specifically, similar car bombing assassinations in Lebanon. WMR has also previously reported that many of the car bombings in Lebanon were the result of coordination between Israeli, American, and Syrian operatives, including "rogue" Syrians and Lebanese agents in the employ of Assef Shawkat.
Mugniyah was wanted by the United States and Israel for a number of terrorist attacks in the 1980s and 1990s, including the 1983 bombings of the US Embassy and Marine Barracks in Beirut, the 1985 hijacking of an Athens-to-Rome TWA flight in which Navy diver Robert Stethem was murdered, and the kidnapping and murder of Beirut CIA station chief William F. Buckley in 1984 and Marine Corps Lt. Col. William Higgins in 1988.
Significantly, the Israeli Prime Minister's office has denied any role in Imad Fayez Mughniyeh's assassination. However, Israeli government and intelligence officials are happy that it occurred. 2 Versions surfaced...
While Moughnieh was walking towards, or getting into his Mitsubishi Pajero, in the middle-class Kfar Sousse neighborhood in Damascus, a blast killed him instantly....
Mugniyah's car exploded at around 10:45 pm in the up-market Tantheem Kafer Souseh neighborhood of Damascus. WMR has learned that the car bombing of Mugniyah was to be timed with the February 9th birthday of President Ronald Reagan, a gesture by Shawkat to the Americans, but the specially designed Mitsubishi seats containing the bombs were installed, or "activated..." later... due to "Political calculations... ", linked to the Intelligence "aims" sought....and security Concerns..., resulting in the February 12th assassination, a timing quite reminiscent for Assef Shawkat and his brutal "Henchmen".... [ Assef's last "promotion" dates to February 13th 2005...]
The "ultimate Promotion" for Assef Shawkat's LONG Murder career, with MOSSAD and CIA ... is around the corner now...Assef is on the HOT SEAT for Blowback...
Whoever carried out the operation demonstrated very impressive capabilities, in particular in collecting intelligence. That's Assef Shawkat.
Such an operation requires the most exact planning for months in advance. Precise information is needed, which must come from the target's inner circle.
That's Assef Shawkat.
They must have provided details on his daily routine, movements, hiding places and security arrangements.That's Assef Shawkat.
Planning such an operation also requires precision in getting the operators where they need to be, and even more important, they must know how to get away.
That's Assef Shawkat.
And all this must be done without leaving a trace..... That's also, Assef Shawkat.
The car, a new Mitsubishi Pajero SUV, was badly damaged in the attack "like a shredded metal can," according to Housham Nasaiseh", 19, who works in a sweetshop nearby, and arrived at the scene a few minutes after the explosion. At least nine other cars were also damaged. All this was done without leaving a trace..... That's also, Assef Shawkat....
By this morning, the car had been towed away. The scene had been cleared, and the only signs of the attack were a black mark on the ground and damage to nearby buildings....reminiscent of the car bomb attack on Mr. Elie Hobeika in Hazmieh Lebanon, January 24th 2002, 9.40 AM, when the whole area was "washed away" within a couple of hours from the attack, on orders from Syrian Military Intelligence....
Typical and Vintage Assef Shawkat.... and his goons.
One of the most distinctive characteristics of Syria's government is the opacity of its underlying authority structure. While there is little doubt as to who is calling the shots in Jordan or Egypt, the question of how major decisions are made in Damascus remains shrouded in mystery....
Although President Bashar Assad is nominally in charge, real power rests within a small inner circle. Military Intelligence Chief Assef Shawkat is widely viewed as the most influential member of this circle, but his influence is partially derivative of the fact that he is married to Bashar's older sister Bushra. Though she shuns the spotlight, her behind-the-scenes political influence has been decisive at times...
In the Middle East, dates, particularly anniversaries, carry much weight. The assassination of the popular Christian Leader, Lebanese Member of Parliament, and ex-Minister in several Hariri Governments, Mr. Elie Hobeika on January 24th 2002, coincided with the birthday of Elliott Abrams..., the then-National Security Council Middle East director. Hobeika's car bombing assassination in Beirut was also carried out by Shawkat's operatives, according to WMR's Middle East sources. The Hobeika assassination was the first in a series carried out by the CIA and Mossad with the assistance of Shawkat's intelligence operatives in Lebanon.
Shawkat, by delivering the goods on the assassination of America's "Most Wanted" Imad F. Mugniyeh, has ensured that he will now receive the protection of the Bush White House in the current UN investigation of car bombings in Lebanon, most notably that of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri.
Now, the 241 Marines, William F. Buckley, Colonel Higgins, Robert Stethem, the 63 Murdered at the US Embassy in 83, and many others, including French troops at Drakar, can now rest in Peace.... 25 years later.....
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This is the "Arbitrage" DEAL of the Century....A "Derivatives Contract of sorts, offered to Assef Shawkat..."You GET US... Imad Moughnieh's HEAD... and we will get you off the HOOK in Rafic Hariri's Murder ....ASSEF SHAWKAT Delivered the Goods, it was an offer he could not afford to refuse.... BINGO.
This week, happens to be the Anniversary of Ronald Reagan, President Reagan,
was the President of the USA in 1983... when the Marines were "smoked" in Beirut's BIA vicinity... courtesy of Hafez Assad....The Great Criminal mind of the White House's Murder Inc., ...as always... has targeted Imad Moughnieh, as a "present" for
Ronald Reagan's "Anniversary" Celebrations... just like he did in his earlier Assassination endeavors....
Congratulations CIA.... Your Murder Laundry now, is "worthy" of the Middle East's long record of Assassinations....
ASSEF SHAWKAT murdered Imad Moughnieh yesterday in Damascus, courtesy of Mitsubishi Corporation's well "rounded" specially designed SEATS, delivered in time, and with great Taste.... In order for Assef Shawkat to "present" his credentials, Officially... to his Masters in CIA's Langley, and Herzliah's MOSSAD and Israel.
Assef Shawkat is now the Official representative of Elliott Abrams in Damascus SYRIA. Congratulations ASSEF, and Bushra.
http://www.stethem.navy.mil/stethem.asp
Now, the 241 Marines, William F. Buckley, and others, can rest in Peace.... 25 years later.....
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
HOW GREEN WAS MY COUNTRY, ?
PRIOR TO THE NEOCON CABAL ?
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I’m told by Intelligence sources that while Rafic Hariri was in the US visiting Donald Rumsfeld, he mentions Kleiat or Koley'at Airport again... but an agreement failed to materialize again.Hariri was approached by US Intelligence earlier and had refused categorically to discuss US rights for an Air Base in North Lebanon, specifically the Klei3at Airport. Rafic Hariri was eyeing a pristine stretch of beach front land properties north of Tripoli , stretching for miles inland and into the hills behind it, and north to AKKAR . These beaches are of an immense value for a developer and Hariri had huge plans for the area,after he finds a permanent solution to settle the Palestinian refugees elsewhere. He had specific plans for that too, but did not want any Syrian meddling into these monumental projects, and local SUNNI traditional Leaderships did not like very much Hariri having an eye on these areas, especially that if he were to develop such properties, immense benefits for the area would ensue, with thousands of jobs at stake and economic development for an area desperate for investment and jobs. Had he succeeded in getting these projects off the ground, Rafic Hariri would have threatened the local traditional Sunni leaders of Tripoli, and his hegemonistic leadership on the Sunnis in Lebanon would have been almost complete.... but Rafic refused to play ball with the Americans and he wanted to develop that particular airport himself and turn it into a major international tourist hub, after building huge projects in the area . In order to protect his new "turf" and his potential Mega-investments in the North Lebanon, he resorted to a dangerous tactic, traditional to his Saudi Mentors.... Extreme Sunni local tribes, "turned Jihadists" in order to scare overseas investors and "Imperial Hubris" ["just like what he did to Bechtel, in the early 1990s... When BECHTEL tried to POKE into his SOLIDAIRE..."] from poking in his projected new investment territories, and keep everyone away from the "prize"....the end result is what we see today in the North Of Lebanon, in Nahr Al-Bared and in all of the areas stretching from Jubeil, all the way to Kleiat and Akkar....[ watch and learn from the New Hollywoodian long Film, Unfold in front of your very eyes...]The American Hubris will have none of that... Rafic is "smoked" and Saad becomes a tool of the Neocons...
Syrian military intelligence, the main subversive arm of the White House's CIA/MOSSAD Murder INC. & their "agent" regime in Lebanon, has launched a campaign in Syrian, Lebanese and Persian Gulf media to OUT the Israeli/CIA agent Fouad Siniora, finally, as an agent of the Israeli Mossad for decades, which is a well known fact to us, since 1997... at least....In a tale in various websites, blogs and news papers, he is denounced as spying for Israel for 34 years. His controller is named as Lt. Col. Aharon Goldbard. The Syrian sources try to pin on them both the intrigue to murder former Lebanese prime minister Rafiq Hariri three years ago.Damascus also sees Mossad machinations in the Syrian army.... Defense minister Gen. Hassan Turkemani has told army officers to beware because, “The Mossad has been able to penetrate the officer elite with gifts of satellite telephones linked to Israeli spy satellites.sources report: The Assad regime has been maneuvering to OUT the Lebanese Mossad Agent, Fouad Sannioura, for approving an international tribunal to prosecute the plotters of the Hariri murder, suspicions of which reach high up in the White House's CIA/MOSSAD Murder INC. & their "agent" regime .To lend verisimilitude to their facts, Syrian military intelligence casts them with details. The Siniora-Mossad conspiracy has been uncovered when Syrian agents identified the Lebanese prime minister’s purported controller as Col. Goldbard, who is said to have served the Mossad from 1970 to 1989 as a headhunter for agents in Lebanon.He is described as entering Lebanon with a French passport No. 84/33455, .The Israeli colonel is described as having first got together with Siniora at a Mt. Lebanon avenue in 1974. After he was recruited, the story runs, the Lebanese stooge traveled to Greece, was flown secretly to Israel and underwent training at a special Mossad facility for senior agents, in Herzliah. He has since become one of the most important intelligence assets Israel has ever acquired in the Arab world, according to the Syrian sources.....of the White House's CIA/MOSSAD Murder INC. & their "agent" regime in Damascus, Courtesy of ASSEF SHAWKAT , BUSHRA ASSAD, Maher ASSAD...and their stooges in Lebanese INTEL circles, Jamil Al-Sayyed, Raymond AZAR etc... This Enterprise of MURDER , answers to ELLIOTT ABRAMS... and is protected in Lebanon by General ALI JABER..., ELIAS El-MURR and General Michel Suleiman....Moose Head,....CIA Stooges par excellence.... DGSE, desperate for a piece of the "action" disclosed the details of his "vrai, Faux, Passeport, made in "Poitiers"... as a sort of BLACKMAIL..."à la Française"...
تجديد العهود
9 شباط 2008
زينا الخوري
شكَّل لقاء السيد حسن نصر الله والجنرال ميشال عون، عبر شاشة O.T.V.، المحور الحقيقي للأحداث.
كل لبنان ترقَّب اللقاء. وانتظر الناس أن يسمعوا كلاماً صاخباً ومتفجراً. وتوقَّعت بعض الأوساط الإعلامية أن تكون مناسبة لإعلان التراجع عن ترشيح العماد سليمان لرئاسة الجمهورية. وهذا لم يحصل. لكن الجمهور لم يصب بخيبة أمل.
الهدوء والصفاء، الصدق والواقعية، العفوية والشفافية، ظلَّلت حديث القائدين. ومنذ الدقائق الاولى أدركنا أن جديد اللقاء النادر هو اللقاء في ذاته. إجتمع الرجلان ليقولا للعالم: أن صدق العلاقة بيننا فوق كل إعتبار. وما جمعه الله في سبيل الوطن لن تفرقه الألسنة البغيضة والغيرة السوداء.
هذا اللقاء النادر فتح مدرسة سياسية، نوعية، غير مألوفة في اللغة العربية. ها هما تياران، من طائفتين مختلفتين، في وطن الطوائف، يترفّعان عن الطائفية. جمهورهما على طرفي نقيض من النواحي الاجتماعية، والتطلعات التاريخية، وسبل العيش... عاشت قواعدهما حرباً لسنين طويلة... وعشعشت ثقافة الخوف من الآخر في أعماق هذه القواعد لأجيال، بعد أن شحنتها مكنات الميلشيات المسلحة جيلاً بعد جيل...
ورغم ذلك، وفي زمن الخوف من "الإعصار" الذي يُحضَّر للوطن، قررا الجلوس معاً، والغوص إلى عمق الجرح لفهم أبعاده ومنع الإنفجار!
ونجحا بتفوق. وفتحا مدرسة جديدة في التلاقي، ليتها تعمَّم على سائر السياسيين اللبنانيين. مدرسة عنوانها الصدق والرصانة، في مواجهة أسلوب الرياء والبروباغندا والمال السياسي، الذي يشتري الضمائر فيحولها الى رماد يضلل العيون!
في الغرب الكاثوليكي درجت حديثاً عادة جميلة ورمزية بين المتزوجين. بعد مرور 25 سنة على الزواج، يلتقي الزوجان في الكنيسة مع الاولاد والأحفاد والأحبة، فتستعاد مراسم الزواج الاول بأحتفال "تجديد العهود"، ويعلن، كل واحد منهما وفاءه للاخر امام الله، كما في اليوم الاول.
لم يكن سماحة السيد وسيادة العماد بحاجة الى "تجديد العهود"، لكن "الإحتفال" أفرح كثيراً الأهل والأحبة ... وكان شوكة في أعين الحساد!
In 1977--85-93-95-96-97-99, Siniora was back in Israel for more special training stints, say the sources, after which he began meeting Israeli officers in Paris to deliver updates and receive new orders and missions.The next part of the tale gives the game away.The Syrian sources cite “Prof. Eliahu ben Simon” who is said to have interviewed Goldbard [Cyprus] and learned that the purported Mossad agent was present in Beirut at the time of the Hariri assassination in Feb. 2005 and personally involved in the crime. Asked to explain, the Israeli colonel is quoted as admitting that it was he who tipped the killers on the exact time of the Hariri convoy’s departure and the moment he would pass the spot on the road under which the fatal bomb was planted. This “revelation” is meant to demonstrate that Goldbard was free to move around Beirut because he enjoyed Siniora’s, walid Jumblatt's, and Marwan Hamade's protection. Therefore, the Israeli agent abetted by Siniora, a close agent on Hariri... bore part responsibility for the assassination, as Mossad tools - together with Syrian military intelligence. As for the second fact Damascus is disseminating against Israeli intelligence, sources have seen the memo which the Syrian defense minister circulated this month, under the heading: The Syrian Army-General Staff, Operations Director. Top Secret. For Immediate Attention. Officers Only.Gen. Turkemani “reveals” that the Israeli Mossad director Meir Dagan recently visited Irbil, capital of autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan, and stayed at the private, fortified guesthouse of Kurdistan’s prime minister Nechirvan Barzani, son of President Massoud Barzani. There, he is said to have briefed Kurdish agents operating undercover in Syria on methods for delivering satellite cellphones to Syrian elite officers through Kurdish members of the Syrian armed forces. The phones contained chips which route their conversations via Israel spy satellites. The spy phones quickly reached their destinations and, according to the Syrian chief of staff, have been recovered from officers serving in Syrian air defense units, commanders of military air facilities and heads of the Syrian arms industry. Sources report that this fact has aroused fears among Kurdish officers serving in the Syrian army that it will be used as a pretext to purge them.... as they should. LOL...together with the TLASS CLAN...
When this approach with Hariri failed, the US turned to another local Sunni with strong ties to the Syrians...What I can tell you is that 4 years ago, a Lebanese middleman approached then Transport Minister Najib Mikati and told him the US is very keen on Koley'at. Mikati went to see his Syrian mentors (Makhloufs) and tried to woo them by promising riches ensuing from modernization work on the airport and basing rights for the US Air Force and NATO etc. At first the Syrians were willing to play, then US-Syrian relations soured.... for a while..... a tug of war is sure to unfold here, and the winners will have a big prize.
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With malice aforethought, he has sought out their sore point....
America: religious dissidents seeking a new Promised Land, and economic opportunists looking to get rich quick. Both elements still are present, but the course of the past quarter-century has made wealth-creation the sine qua non of American life. Now for the first time in a generation Americans have become poorer, and many of them have become much poorer due to the collapse of home prices. Unlike the Reagan years, when cutting the top tax rate from a punitive 70% to a more tolerable 40% was sufficient to start an economic boom, no lever of economic policy is available to fix the problem. Americans have no choice but to work harder, retire later, save more and retrench....
This reversal has provoked a national mood of existential crisis. In Europe, economic downturns do not inspire this kind of soul-searching, for richer are poorer, remain what they always have been. But Americans are what they make of themselves, and the slim makings of 2008 shake their sense of identity. Americans have no institutionalized culture to fall back on. Their national religion has consisted of waves of enthusiasm - "Great Awakenings" – every second generation or so, followed by an interim of apathy. In times of stress they have a baleful susceptibility to hucksters and conmen.
Be afraid - be very afraid. America is at a low point in its fortunes, and feeling sorry for itself. When Barack utters the word "hope", they instead hear, "handout". A cynic might translate the national motto, E pluribus unum, as "something for nothing". Now that the stock market and the housing market have failed to give Americans something for nothing, they want something for nothing from the government. The trouble is that he who gets something for nothing will earn every penny of it, twice over.
The George W Bush administration has squandered a great strategic advantage in a sorry lampoon of nation-building in the Muslim world, and has made enemies out of countries that might have been friendly rivals, notably Russia. Americans question the premise of America's standing as a global superpower, and of the promise of upward mobility and wealth-creation. If elected, Barack Obama will do his utmost to destroy the dual premises of America's standing. It might take the country another generation to recover.
"Evil will oft evil mars", J R R Tolkien wrote. It is conceivable that Barack Obama, if elected, will destroy himself before he destroys the country. Hatred is a toxic diet even for someone with as strong a stomach as....
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So many burning ashes, so much evidence to sift...
What poison in our seed makes us waste every gift?
That we cannot take perfection, and leave it alone,
but must transform every paradise into a Hot Zone?
You shake your head and sadly wonder
why progress is as slow as continental drift
Peaceful persuasion is no panacea
Sickness and sanctimonious certainty
preclude hope for a shared idea
Slow grinding forces, collision of tectonic plates
Bring inevitable action, when time is past for debate
Like the splintering of ancient Pangaea
A faint rumble stirs, down under
A deeping disease of dangerous rifts...
HK Elie HOBEIKA is so desperately missed
for he foreseen ALL this and so much more....
Long before the stooges' war and the several
14th "dates of War"... from SEP. 14th 1982
to January 14th 1986 to FEB. 14th 2005 to so
many more 14th to come which he recorded,
to the many 14th hitherto and still much do...
Immense forces build, that will rip asunder
Much will be destroyed, before it uplifts.... again ?
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From A Friend :
***************
The Syrian regime did not care for Lebanon, initially they saw the left
in Lebanon gain ground and a majority out of power toppling a minority
in power. That scared the Syrians and did not want their majority to use
Lebanon as a lesson... When it was the other way around, they shifted
alliances. Lebanon was used and abused by the Syrian regime and their
US masters, who handed Lebanon to Syria on a silver platter for over 30
years...and most Lebanese Politicians had to work with and through Syria's
Regime, at the instigation of the International Community, in order to
keep things "in check" within Lebanon, whatever that meant...at different
times, for different reasons or different actors on the Lebanese scene.
About car bombs,it is said , you walk the streets and it is almost like a
Russian Roulette, but he goes, it is more like when you pick the petals off a
flower, love me, love me not, you pass cars going, it is gonna blow, not
gonna blow.?
Those car bombs have no target but to terrorize the population, very similar
to the car bombs that will appear in Iraq as soon as the Pentagon attacks Iraq.
While targeted car bombs have different signatures...
One thing that is common to all car bombs is the fact that you cannot tell
who is behind them. Detonators of various sources could be used, wires from
various manufactures could be used, explosives from various sources and
various signatures could be used. Any forensic analysis of an explosion site
is corrupt, since one party can use products that point to the other...
Statistics alone, and there have been plenty of car bombings in the ME, is
not strong enough and acceptable.
What is left is human intelligence...
The responsibility of blowing up the marines rests squarely on Reagan.
When the Marines first went in, their approach to all clans was neutral, and
stood up to the Israelis on many occasions. If Reagan had not listened to
Sharon and Company and the pro-Israeli currents in the U.S.; and forced that
crappy one-sided peace treaty on Lebanon; the marines would have been fine.
It is more likely that the Syrians were behind that bomb than anyone else;
the Syrian attitude was then and remains that no peace in Lebanon without
peace in Syria....
HK: "Wa3ad", " وعــــد " , "The Tripartite Agreement".
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A popular politician and government minister in the post-war period, best known for creating a political party called "Wa3ad", meaning : Nationalism, Laic, Democtratic. " وعــــد " , bent on a complete overhaul of the confessional Republic, in order to build a modern and effective civil form of government and constitutional reforms.
The Tripartite Agreement, of 1985/86:
In late 1985, Syria sponsored yet another agreement among Lebanon’s factions aimed at ending the ongoing war. On December 28, the leaders of Lebanon’s three main militias--Nabih Berri of Amal, Walid Jumblatt of the Druze Progressive Socialist Party, and Hobeika of the LF--signed the Tripartite Accord in Damascus. Although this agreement resembled many previous failed Syrian initiatives to restore order in Lebanon, it was more comprehensive. It provided for an immediate cease-fire and an official proclamation of the end of the state of war within one year. The militias would be disarmed and then disbanded, and sole responsibility for security would be relegated to the reconstituted and religiously integrated Lebanese Army, supported by Syrian forces. More broadly, the accord envisaged a "strategic integration" of the two countries in the spheres of military affairs, national security, and foreign relations. The accord also mandated fundamental, but not sweeping, political reform, including the establishment of a bicameral legislature and the elimination of the old confessional formula, which was to be replaced by majority rule and minority representation. The accord differed considerably from others in as much as the these signatories were the actual combatants in the war, rather than civilian politicians. This factor engendered considerable optimism in some quarters, especially for the fact that it will be implemented only after its official ratification within the Lebanese parliament, which could amend any of its articles, and also for the fact that it did preserve the prerogatives of the Lebanese President in full, for him to remain an impartial arbiter of the consensual constitution, but great trepidation in others where it was viewed as an attempt to reconstruct Greater Syria. The most vehement protests came from the Sunni community, which was prominent in politics but had little military strength after its militia, the Murabitoun, had been crushed earlier in the year. In 2000, Syria was not pleased with his return to power, fearing Hariri would use his towering influence, which had only grown during his two years in opposition, to further undermine the Lahoud regime. Having just lost Hafez Al-Assad, however, and busy with domestic issues, the Syrians still interfered in the parliamentary elections of 2000 in order to defeat Mr. Elie Hobeika. As a result, many of their traditional allies, including Prime Minister Salim Al-Hoss and Maronite MP and ex-minister Mr. Elie Hobeika, were defeated at the polls.
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http://echkelon.blogspot.com/
http://newhk.blogspot.com/
http://elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
MAY , 2007- On September 15, 2001, just four days after the 9-11 attacks,
CIA Director George Tenet provided President [sic] Bush with a Top Secret
"Worldwide Attack Matrix"-a virtual license to kill targets deemed to be a
threat to the United States in some 80 countries around the world. The Tenet
plan, which was subsequently approved by Bush, essentially reversed the
executive orders of four previous U.S. administrations that expressly
prohibited political assassinations. Mr. Elie Hobeika will be the first
target of the US administration, to pave the way for its Iraq Invasion .
It planned to directly control the "Energy Basin" and ALL the OIL
Transportation routes,from Pipelines to the Maritime avenues and choke
points in the Gulf areas, and from central Asia to Mauritania and beyond.
But most of all, Mr. Elie Hobeika will be made to pay dearly with his life,
for daring to change his politics and views, after experiencing first hand,
THE BRUTALITY OF THE ISRAELIS AND THE AMERICANS ,
and their CULTURE OF VIOLENCE , Intrigue, murder & very bad Politics.
Elie Hobeika knew first hand about ALL their dirty tricks and deeds,
and he knew first hand, all about their sources and methods & tools, in
the 70s and 80s, they wanted him out, because the US was about to
re-enact the same deeds in IRAQ and beyond, to fracture the whole
area along sectarian lines, in order to serve Israeli and American
interests for decades to come...
Cheney's back office and OSP were to make this operation a prime
example of what is to come in the New Middle East of BUSH.
The Domination of the Energy resources and its ROUTES, could now begin in
earnest, for Mr. Cheney and his GANG, wanted for friend and Foe, to be
forewarned of the Harsh consequences of opposing their monstrous and
Machiavellian Plans for the New " New Middle East " second or third edition.
This Jan. 24th 2002, will be made an example to see worldwide... within
Intelligence circles worldwide, especially in Lebanon and the immediate
surroundings.
This targeted Political assassination would pave the way for another attempt
by the USA, to reshape the Politics of Lebanon, by re-engineering its Pawns
and tools, the Trio Joumblatt, Geajea, A.Gemayel with the young Hariri ,
after taking out the cumbersome Hariri Senior 3 years later, in a strikingly
similar operation, for as the manipulation and penetration of the Syrian and
Lebanese Intelligence services is exactly identical in nature and pawns.....
Hence the US of A , will do its utmost to make sure that the HOBEIKA
Murder will not be investigated in any way, shape or form...so far.
No free press, no courage, no guts , no glory for the Lebanon, the land
of the legendary Cedars? Despite the fact that some of the journalists,
know quite a bit on many issues relating to this and other murders, as well
as some Politicians....The only sad part is the Lebanese "Gullible" STOOGES
who believe all the American/Israeli Crap.
Of course Hariri and many others were KILLED by the
Syrians of Assef Shawkat the thuggish monster, but the
machinations which "entrapped" Hariri and others... into
Believing wholeheartedly that the WEST and ISRAEL are
"finally" going after the Alaouite Syrian regime of the ASSADS,
and are about to destroy them for good.... are so NAIVE beyond
belief..... and the FACTS have proven so far that these Lebanese
have been "used", and are still being used so badly , for the aims of
the US Neocons and Israel .
Of course, the net result in 2005 is a Syrian exit from Lebanon, and
that's very good, but no change of regime will take place in Syria, and
Hariri should have known better.... BUT, this is for another day.... since
the Syrian regime, had penetrated these extreme groups all along, before
Hariri.... was "nudged" into giving them money.... in order for ASSEF to
"discover" Rafic.... and do the suicide bombing of the century.....
Excellent planning, courtesy of the folks of Herzlyiah and Langley....
the good old boyzzzz network of 911.
http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
The relationship between the United States and Syria is still contradictory
and obscure. Washington is facing increasing problems in the Middle East.
In his speeches, Bush continues to accuse both Iran and Syria of causing
instability in Iraq, Lebanon and the Palestinian territories, although some
political moves seem to suggest that a distinction has been made between
these two countries, because it is clear and obvious that they are partners
in some of the covert political assassinations that took place in Lebanon,
through manipulations, penetrations of secret services and military intelligence
structures in Syria and Lebanon to directly serve US and Israeli interests.
Hence, the International tribunal has no legs to stand on as of yet, and the
jury is still out to see whether it will ever take shape or where it will be driven
to achieve goals which have nothing to do with "Truth", Justice or the like.
The obvious game of these parties, "playing enemies" is very very clear and
transparent for the world to see.
BUDDY BUDDY, Made in Carlyle ?
I'M BACK, I learned ALL the tricks of the trade,
in Lebanon's Laboratory, to be applied in IRAQ... !
People tend to forget so quickly that the USA, especially the Pentagon, was
the main driving force behind the elimination of the Belgian Law of 2001,
which was the main reason for indicting Ariel Sharon for the sabra Shatila
Massacre, and the most adamant adversary of such tribunal was the US
administration.
http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
The US has a long history of opposing such international bodies and such
claims to International investigations and criminal courts run by "international
judges".... this will not change now, to the contrary the US will do its
utmost to KILL any such jurisdictions... and they will do it using the usual
proxies to do the dirty work for them, and they will keep pretending to be
for Justice, freedom, Peace and democracy, which is utterly False.
ALL the Investigations since the Hariri Murder of Feb. 14th 2005,
which has striking resemblance with the Hobeika Murder of Jan. 24th 2002,
in its Modus Operandi PRIOR and after the horrendous Car bombs, in the
sense that both personalities have been demonized since 1998 in shady
publications in Beirut and elsewhere , like the infamous book [The Black
Hands ]which was fabricated by Jameel El-Sayyed from Lebanese
Intelligence, and Military Intelligence which provided a lot of the info
on Hariri Senior, on the shady deals of Fouad Sannioura and complete
fabrications and lies about Mr. Elie Hobeika, which proved utterly baseless
since, like all the other publications which came out in the ensuing years,
and continue to this day... It seems that CIA has to find an ongoing "safe"
to burry all its dirty laundry in Lebanon... From "VEIL" to MEHLIS !
The clown who was chosen to put his name on this book ( Black Hands ) is a
rabid buffoon by the name of Najah Wakim. Just like Naji N. Najjar has done
2 years later with another book, using another criminal idiot as "Author", in
a similar Intelligence operation to smear another target for assassination,
Mr. Elie Hobeika, as a prelude to a bigger HIT on Rafic Hariri, 3 years later.
These operations are linked and the criminal mind is the same.
A very interesting and "telling" conversation, between Bashar Al-Assad
and someone...[ I will withhold the name ] for his protection, and to
respect his wish to remain "anonymous" for now, told me that Bashar
called Rafic Hariri: "A traitor" .... in JULY of 2004..., This "meeting"
and personal conversation, between xxxxxx xxxx and Bashar Al-Assad was
relayed to CIA very quickly, and confirmed in July 2004, but that person
will come to regret very deeply his de-briefing by CIA, and will "age"
10 years in a month....after a cataclysmic operation....almost succeeded
in depriving him of a "significant" ...? I will STOP for now.
In the case of Rafic Hariri,a casus belli was created by the Israeli
Mossad’s assassination of Rafik Hariri, a popular Lebanese politician
and subsequent disinformation promulgated and instigated by both Israel
and the United States blamed Syria for the killing, because Syria, more
specifically Assef Shawkat, did carry out this operation on behalf of
Mossad, CIA and Syrian Intelligence, because all three wanted Rafic
Hariri out of the picture, in the New Middle-east of Condi and Dick,
and their Energy Matrix.
"A Wilderness of Mirrors"
Assef Shawkat prepared the "PLAN",with the same group of people who
masterminded Elie Hobeika's assassination on January 24th 2002,
[Jamil Al-Sayyed and Raymond AZAR],the Mitsubishi truck, the BOMB
and the suicide bomber. The suicide bomber's name is "Abou 3Ala'".
In order to "prime" Assef Shawkat to carry out this operation,a very
simple design was put in motion. Rafic Hariri was well known for
distributing money, to ALL groups, Militias, overtly or covertly, for
a very long time. In fact it's Hariri's Modus Operandi all his life...
Rafic Hariri did distribute money to ALL warring factions during the
long Lebanese war, hence, someone pushed Hariri into giving large
amounts of money, to extreme elements within the Sunni Muslim
Brotherhood of Syria, even to a group on the right of the famous
Bayanouni, who is now "allied" with Abdel Halim Khaddam,
and Mossad and CIA, knew that Assef Shawkat had penetrated these
groups, so it was a matter of time until Assef Shawkat, "discovered"
the fact that Hariri is actually financing extremist groups, bent on
toppling the ASSAD regime in Damascus. Since 1559, the Damascus
regime was very very edgy in Syria, and believed that somebody is
truly out to get them this time around.... and BINGO, Assef Shawkat
put his shrewd plans into action....et VOILA, Hariri was "Toast"....
What is very very interesting, is that a meeting in Damascus was
arranged for Seymour Hersh with President Bashar Assad of Syria.
This appointment for that private meeting was done within 2 days.
The date of that meeting was February 14th 2005.... The time of
that meeting: NOON to 13.30 Damascus local time...
When the suicide bomber blew his Mitsubishi truck in Beirut at 12.55,
killing Rafic Hariri and 22 other people in a devastating explosion,
Bashar Al-ASSAD was in his office meeting with Seymour Hersh, and Mr.
Hersh was able to "WITNESS" FIRST HAND, how "angry and upset" Bashar
al-Assad was, when one of his aides "broke" the news to Bashar and
Mr. Hersh, by barging into this "particular" meeting....
How convenient, for this meeting to be taking place at this particular
time...? allowing for Bashar Al-ASSAD to manifest his "utmost anger"
in front of such a great reporter.....How convenient for Bashar ASSAD
to have this fantastic opportunity to say "one Day" , if need be, you
can ask Seymour Hersh: I was with him in a meeting in Damascus and had
absolutely no idea about any of this... what a great cover and a
wonderful "alibi" for him , for Maher Al-Assad and ASSEF Shawkat and the
ubiquitous Buthaina Shaaban....{ Great Planning }.
It's that simple. People who are not versed in Covert and False Flag
operations, have a hard time understanding the subtleties of the crude
intelligence world.... and the Press spreads enough garbage to blur
the picture, and help shrouding the whole scene in cacophonies on
a daily basis, just to fill air-time and sell newspapers...
"A Wilderness of Mirrors"
Assef Shawkat is so proud of his biggest operation yet... that he even
challenged ALL western Intelligence agencies, in their faces, because
he is still meeting in Paris with DST, DGSE and others, to be able to
find the identity of this Brain-washed suicide bomber. The best
estimates which Mossad, CIA , BND, and many other intelligence
agencies had been able to come up with until today, is that this
suicide bomber is either coming from Morocco, Iraq, or Arabistan in
Iran, but are still unable to go any further.
He has been told that his target is an American Infidel coming from
overseas to Lebanon, and he had been "primed" for the KILL, and he
did just that, blow himself up, in order to destroy the Imperial Infidels.
This brain-washed time-bomb, had no idea who the exact target was
when he carried out his monstrous act, killing Hariri and 22 other people
near St. Georges Hotel in Beirut.
Western Intelligence agencies are still incapable of determining the
nature of the explosives used, nor their exact origin, despite all the
sophisticated techniques, and all the DNA testing, the highest
technologies etc. All they did so far, is speculate with hyperboles and
projections, because the bomb was so large and devastating in nature,
nothing of any value remained on the scene, was worthy for the
investigations to be precise and adequate, and it will remain that way,
because this is exactly what the criminal mind intended it to be in
the first place. Assef Shawkat is and will remain "protected by his
peers in the Middle East and worldwide, especially MOSSAD, since
he is their "MAN" in Damascus. It goes without saying that all 4
Lebanese Generals who are in jail today, are there for one reason
only, and that is for their own protection, and they are ALL assets
of various western Intelligence agencies of one kind or another, and
because they Know Too Much...
They will be freed in time, when enough time has gone by, to do it in
such a way, that no major outcry will ensue...
Jameel Al-Sayyed for instance, was granted a 5 year permanent
status resident in France, only 4 days before he was to be arrested
in Beirut.
This is precisely for his protection, after the whole operation will be
put to rest for good...some day...!
Jamil Al-Sayyid has a style of providing little information to one side in order to extract more valuable information for the other side....a trick of the trade, he learned in his "advanced Intelligence Course" in Arizona....The Americans had him play this role vis-à-vis the French in the 1980's... and, during the 1990's, with Western intelligence services. The rapid advancement of his career testifies to his dedicated service on behalf of the Americans and Israelis....
Presently, Jamil Al-Sayyed's assignment is to keep his cool, just like Geagea did in the 90s, for the potential he carries from his loads of Information, to do
maximum damage to the CIA , MOSSAD , Assef Shawkat, Maher Al-ASSAD and Bashar ASSAD. Jameel Al-Sayyid planed to run for parliament in 2004 and was being groomed to become speaker of the parliament shortly thereafter.....but fell in the trap of his superiors of CIA... He is related by marriage to Mustafa Hamdan, the ex-commander of the Lebanese Presidential Guards.... who is presently in Prison too, together with Raymond AZAR, "the James Jesus
Angleton" of Lebanese Army Intelligence stooges of CIA and MOSSAD...
COUNTLESS BOOKS AND MOVIES have displayed the seedier elements of the spy trade: the entrapments, the blackmail, the assassinations. Yet the analytical, brainy side of the profession has always been of equal importance: There is a reason why spies are said to belong to the "intelligence community." Just as James Bond needs his boss M for guidance, real-life spies rely on armchair accomplices to shape raw data into coherent and meaningful analysis.
But what kind of analysis? Attempting to distinguish "signal" from "noise," officials at the CIA and Defense Department debate competing methods of data-sifting and weigh the aggressive, "hypotheses-driven" style of interpretation favored by the Pentagon. Probability and risk are continually assessed, and sometimes the talk can sound nearly philosophical. Referring to the lie of the centuries, the search for illegal weapons in Iraq, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld declared on Aug. 5 that "the absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence."
"the practical criticism of ambiguity." (As William Epstein observes, this phrase is "derived from the titles of two of the most influential texts of formalist criticism, Richards's `Practical Criticism' and Empson's `Seven Types of Ambiguity."
The New Critics famously attacked the "intentional fallacy," arguing that the meaning of a text could not be identified with its author's intentions. They also put a high value on paradox, indirection, and all the many ways in which a written artifact does not mean what it seems to mean.
Angleton once described the intelligence world as "a wilderness of mirrors", a quote taken from one of his favorite poets, T.S. Eliot. For all his reputed brilliance, Angleton got lost in that wilderness....
Perhaps the moral of Angleton's story can be found in another work of literature. Norman Rush's recent novel, "Mortals," tells the story of a CIA agent and John Milton scholar whose cover is his job teaching literature at a university in Botswana. At one point, Rush's scholar-spy reflects: "The past is a forest of signs. The problem was that you could only read them when you turned around and looked back, unfortunately." ......
THIS HORRENDOUS ACT WAS A CLEAR WARNING TO SETHRIDZA...FROM ZA'ZA'
"A Wilderness of Mirrors"
Amine Gemayel was working behind the scenes for Pierre to become the
next "president"...it cost his son's life....
As a side note, the young and ignorant,[he should have seen it coming],
Pierre Gemayel, was murdered by the killers of samir Geagea and his
so-called Lebanese Forces of thugs, who are a "proxy Militia" for CIA,
in collusion with Ashraf Riffi in person, who protected the whole team
and the operation, wall to wall. Amine Gemayel is privy to these details
in FULL, but he is such a coward that he would not dare speak, and has
fully accepted the crap given at the white house, DOD and state, and CIA,
and did SHUT-UP, for the "higher good" in his view...typical Amine
Gemayel vintage, and he will remain so all his life.
Mohammad Fouad Abdel Basett Sanioura is a useless creep, an idiot, on top of being a traitor, a tool of CIA and a paid agent in chief who destroyed Lebanon's Fabric since his arrival with Hariri
No Comment, WAYNAK YA dST.SAJ3A'N AZZI?
Also, it has been proven beyond doubt, that Ramzi IRANI was also murdered
by Samir Geagea, and info was given to Geagea by a certain "Kairouz..."
that Ramzi was too close and personal with Sethrida... but this was the
case for so long... since Nigeria.... but Jealousy is too strong for the
criminal Samir Geagea... and his complete s... impotence does not help,
so he murdered Ramzi Irani in cold blood....
"A Wilderness of Mirrors"
The project of this book is the work of a Sunni tool of Jameel El-Sayyed ,
another puppet, tool like so many others, Tahseen Khayyat, Chairman of
NTV or NEWTVSAT,who is but another lackey who made a fortune
from printing several million copies of the Holy Qoran in Saudi Arabia,
and is but another pawn in the Lebanese Chess game, masterminded by
CIA, Saudi Intelligence, CIA & MOSSAD, among other Intelligence
agencies fighting for "space" on the Lebanese Turf....
Jamil Al-Sayyed was/is CIA, with a direct link to MOSSAD also .
He is a multidimensional agent, working for Syrian Israeli and American
Intelligence, instead of working for the Lebanese National Interest.
Jameel El-Sayyed is the Master Manipulator in Lebanon.
He masterminded the arrival of Lahoud in 1998, together with CIA.
Stories abound in Lebanon about Jameel Al-Sayyed being the "real"
President and the real power behind the facade of the Lebanese
institutions for years. His "Training in the early 80s, his career
path, his personal friendship with Bashar Al-Assad, his known and
documented contacts with American and Israeli handlers, speaks
volumes about this "classic" manipulation Made In Langley and Herzlia.
Emile Lahoud is absolutely perfect for the period 1998/2008, because
they know that he is a harmless idiot, and will accept to be completely
and utterly manipulated by Jameel-El Sayyed.
http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
"A Wilderness of Mirrors"
Jameel el-Sayyed was the main conduit and mastermind of the Hariri
Assassination, which he started planning for since 1998...
It is interesting to see the choice of Judge Elias EID in the scope
of the International Investigation of Hariri's Murder, knowing that
Judge Elias EID was a STOOGE of Kamel Jamil Al-Sayyed, the son of the
Director Jameel Al-Sayyed.... but Elias EID has now switched his fake
"allegiance" again..., and of course SAID MIRZA IS a Hariri pawn.
Jamil El-Sayyed is well known for being extremely smart, intelligent
and extremely manipulative. He was/is a FAVORITE of the weasel Walid
Joumblatt, and his main contact and main source of information
for years, during the Pax Syro-Americana in Lebanon. Waleed Joumblatt
is part and parcel of the Israeli/ American manipulation to eliminate
Rafic Hariri, despite his outward signs of sorrow and fake emotions.
Waleed is a master clown in disguise, and a pathological liar, just
like his masters in Neoconville. The remaining "tools" are : Geagea
the Killer, who did not hesitate in murdering his own brother in law,
in front of his son, blowing his brains out... , Amine Gemayel who at
the behest of CIA, ordered the terror car bomb of Bir El-Abd, targeting
Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah in 1985, killing 85 innocent civilians
in the process, in retaliation to the Marine Barracks bombing of 1983.
A storm ensued in USA at the time, hence the charade of the Book: VEIL
authored by Bob Woodward, another CIA asset...
This was another extra-judicial assassination attempt ordered by the US
government in the 80s. The tools were Lebanese Military Intelligence and
Amine Gemayel. http://newhk.blogspot.com/
The Lebanese people are still not fully aware, that there is absolutely
no free press in Lebanon whatsoever. ALL the Media in Lebanon are
completely and utterly manipulated to serve specific interests and ALL
these interests are not Lebanese in any way shape or form.... so far...
No rude awakening as of yet ???
Subsequent "extension" of the UN so-called commission
investigating the Hariri Murder, have been carefully and deliberately
crafted by USA and its Chief Neocon and friend of Karl Rove, Jeffrey
"Neozionist" Feltman, to hide the obvious link between the two terror
bombs of Hobeika and Hariri , & make sure any attempt at investigating
" political Murder " in Lebanon starts from October of 2004 and beyond,
to avoid at ALL cost getting to Elie Hobeika's Murder, which is ,
MADE IN USA... It is even forbidden to talk about the Elie Hobeika
murder in Lebanon's Media and official circles, thanks to the growing,
direct and overwhelming influence of the US Government agencies in this
"particular" Sinniora shadow of a government, filled with weak cronies,
made to measure in USA's Neocons Dark rooms of Condi Rice and
Dick Cheney & Elliot Abrams ,to obediently serve American Neocons
Interests in the " New Middle East...".
http://newhk.blogspot.com/
According to high level European intelligence officials, Bush's counselor,
Karl Rove, used the new presidential authority to silence a popular Lebanese
Christian politician who was planning to offer irrefutable evidence that
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon engineered the massacre of hundreds of
Palestinian men, women, and children in the Beirut refugee camps of Sabra
and Shatilla in 1982. In addition, Sharon provided the SLA forces & IDF who
carried out the grisly task. At the time of the massacres, Elie Hobeika was
intelligence chief of Lebanese Christian forces in Lebanon who were battling
Palestinians and other Muslim groups in a bloody civil war. He was also the
chief liaison to Israeli Defense Force (IDF) personnel in Lebanon. An
official Israeli inquiry into the massacre at the camps, the Kahan
Commission, merely found Sharon "indirectly" responsible for the slaughter
and fingered Hobeika as the chief instigator, while in fact Mr. Elie Hobeika
was never anywhere near Sabra or Shatila in Sep. 82, he was very busy
investigating the assassination of President elect Bashir Gemayel .
The Sabra and Shatila Massacre was planned within the Invasion plans
of the IDF in 1982 when it invaded Lebanon, and it appears under the
name of Operation Spark, and Operation Iron Brain.
Its finer details were worked out between the 1st of September when the
alliance with Bashir collapsed, and the 12th of the same month when Sharon
met with Bashir. The LF was perceived as unreliable and that the mopping up
of the camps was to proceed with or without them. AMAN could rely on the
SLA to get the job done, and it would assist them with IDF Special Forces,
or Sayerets as they are called in Hebrew. It is quite clear that the
Sayerets were in the camps as the former fighters in the camp have told us
repeatedly . But the presence of the Sayerets indicates clearly that the
Massacre was what is called in intelligence lingo a Black Operation, which
is a secret operation that is carried out by the intelligence agents and
special forces upon a decision taken by the Chief Executive and a few of his
ministers. Israeli Secret Services and the Sayerets have carried out many
Black Operations, including the Qibya Massacre of 1953, the attack on the
Beirut International Airport in 1968, and the assassination of Abu Jihad in
Tunisia, 1988. During the 1982 Invasion, and according to IDF historian
Samuel Katz, the Sayerets were deeply involved in the military operations.
These forces,which like all Special Forces in the world, are made up of hard
brutal killers, who volunteer for the job and know exactly what it entails.
In short, Israel's Secret Services' role in Sabra and Shatilla Massacre is
not only undeniable, but is far more involved than what "Kahan Commission"
stated. One day when Appendix B finally comes to light, this theory will
be proven, although it is clear that there is enough evidence to back it up.
As an epilogue, Israel's secret services, CIA & the Mossad, assassinated
Elie Hobeika in Beirut in 2002, using CIA & local witting proxies, in what
is obviously an attempt to conceal the truth about the Massacre. If anyone
doubted the involvement of the Israeli intelligence, this should silence the
naysayers. Mr. Elie Hobeika Never set foot at Sabra & Shatila in September
of 1982, nor had anything to do with that horrible crime, in any way shape
or form. It was an IDF operation with AMAN and MOSSAD at the Helm.
Besides Sayyeret Metkal's units in the camps, there were three additional
units which came from 3 different entrances to the camps, and the SLA
forces of Saad Haddad, brought into Beirut by IDF.
ALL these units were under direct orders of IDF officers, and IDF troops
were totally occupying Beirut militarily .
The First unit was lead by Z.M. , The second unit was lead by M.M. and
the 3rd by C.G. It is noteworthy to say that M.M. had met and had dinner
with B.N. in his home in west Beirut, before entering the camps, he dined
and spent the night there....but these units were brought in the camps on
the last day of the operations, to set them up for the world media to see
and portray as if they were the instigators. Combatants who were there said
that upon arrival to the camps, they were shocked to see all the killings,
because ALL of these units arrived there when the Sayyarets had finished
the job completely with the SLA forces of Saad Haddad. These are eye witness
accounts. Those LF will be forced into the mountain war within few months,
and a new trap will be set up for them by IDF, whereby eye witness accounts
say that every time they advanced into a new village, winning a very bloody
battle with casualties, orders will come for them to retreat from IDF officers.
In some cases IDF artillery were shooting at both sides,reigniting the battles
again and again. Thousands of Christians were massacred, their villages in
ruins in a futile fight until exhaustion and complete retreat.
This is the legacy of IDF in Lebanon over 40 years.
The Kahan Commission never called on Hobeika to offer testimony in his
defense. However, in response to charges brought against Sharon before a
special war crimes court in Belgium, Hobeika was urged to testify against
Sharon, according to well-informed Lebanese sources. Hobeika was prepared
to offer a different version of events than what was contained in the Kahan
report. A 1993 Belgian law permitting human rights prosecutions was unusual
in that non-Belgians could be tried for violations against other
non-Belgians in a Belgian court. Under pressure from the Bush
administration, the law was severely amended and the extra territoriality
provisions were curtailed. http://newhk.blogspot.com/
Hobeika headed the Lebanese forces intelligence agency since the mid- 1970s
and he soon developed close ties to the CIA. He was a frequent visitor to
the CIA's headquarters at Langley, Virginia. After the Syrian invasion of
Lebanon in 1990, Hobeika held a number of cabinet positions in the Lebanese
government, a proxy for the Syrian occupation authorities. He also served in
the parliament. In July 2001, Hobeika called a press conference and
announced he was prepared to testify against Sharon in Belgium and revealed
that he had evidence of what actually occurred in Sabra and Shatilla.
Hobeika also indicated that Israel had flown members of the South Lebanon
Army (SLA) into Beirut International Airport in an Israeli Air Force C130
transport plane, in full view of dozens of witnesses, including members of
the Lebanese army and others. SLA troops under the command of Major Saad
Haddad were slipped into the camps to commit the massacres. The SLA troops
were under the direct command of Ariel Sharon and an Israeli Mossad agent
provocateur named Rafi Eitan. Hobeika offered evidence that a former U.S.
ambassador to Lebanon was aware of the Israeli plot. In addition, the IDF
had placed a camera in a strategic position to film the Sabra and Shatilla
massacres. Hobeika was going to ask that the footage be released as part of
the investigation of Sharon.
After announcing he was willing to testify against Sharon, Hobeika became
fearful for his safety and began taking precautionary moves. Hobeika was
not aware that his threats to testify against Sharon had triggered a series
of fateful events that reached well into the White House and Sharon's
office. http://newhk.blogspot.com/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
My dear friends and fellow lovers of HK,
You have written so many letters of condolence since Elie Hobeika died that I've been overwhelmed at the task of answering them. But know this, all of them meant something, all of them moved me deeply, all were appreciated, and all were read. Elie Hobeika was larger than life and there was never a room he entered that he left without making his mark. At some point in his life, he passed from being merely memorable to being legendary.
In the twenty-eight years he was in the service of Lebanon, Elie Hobeika concentrated on the task of defending his country and he did so, exceedingly well. In the next few years left to him, he put all his efforts into the art of being a terrific son, a loving father, a unique Leader, a brother of great substance, a beloved Leader, and a friend to tens of thousands. Out of politics, the hero let his genius for humor flourish. Always in motion he made his rounds in Beirut each day and no one besides himself knew how many stops he put in during a given day. He was like a bee going from flower to flower, pollinating his world with his generous gift for friendships, flexibility and acumen.
Elie Hobeika was a man's man, a soldier's soldier, a natural Leader. There was nothing soft or teddy-bearish about him. His simplicity was extraordinary. He died without ever complaining about anything. I think he loved ALL his extended family and friends with his body and soul, yet no one ever lived who was less articulate in expressing that love. On the day that I told him that there was nothing more to be done for him, " They want you out, I said, ". He simply said "Don't worry about it". I've had a great life. No one's had a life like me. Everyone should be so lucky."
Elie Hobeika believed in dialogue, debate, and argumentation in a peaceful way, which was characteristic of him throughout his life. Elie Hobeika never believed in the use of crude and gratuitous violence to achieve political aims, or to solve any intractable problems.This does not negate the fact that during war time, he was a heroes hero on the battlefield, a courageous fighter and a legend. Many of his comrades in arms will attest to many of his legendary achievements on the battle field,and in the pursuit of peaceful coexistence among the various Lebanese factions, and our immediate neighbors throughout his career, despite the fact that he was acutely aware of the insurmountable difficulties and historical and religious divisions, and the numerous foreign interference and interventions on the Lebanese political and security landscape, during the last 4 decades until this very day.
Elie Hobeika died with exemplary courage, as one would expect.
He never complained about pain or whimpered or cried out. His death was HEROIC . He never quit fighting, never surrendered, and never gave up. He died like a king.
He died like The Great Phoenix,
for the world, which seems
To lie before us like a land of dreams,
So various, so beautiful, so new,
Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,
Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help from pain;
And we are here as on a darkling plain
Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,
Where ignorant armies clash by night....
HK for EVER.
I thank you with all my heart.
My Country LEBANON.
The love of field and coppice
Of green and shaded lanes,
Of ordered woods and gardens
Is running in your veins.
Strong love of grey-blue distance,
Brown streams and soft, dim skies
I know, but cannot share it,
My love is otherwise.
I love a sunburnt country,
A land of sweeping plains,
Of rugged mountain ranges,
Of droughts and flooding rains.
I love her far horizons,
I love her jewel-sea,
Her beauty and her terror
The wide brown land for me!
The stark white ring-barked forests,
All tragic to the moon,
The sapphire-misted mountains,
The hot gold hush of noon,
Green tangle of the brushes
Where lithe lianas coil,
And orchids deck the tree-tops,
And ferns the warm red soil.
Core of my heart, my country!
Her pitiless blue sky,
When, sick at heart, around us
We see the cattle die
But then the grey clouds gather,
And we can bless again
The drumming of an army,
The steady soaking rain.
Core of my heart, my country!
After Jesus, Mary and all Saints,
Land of ALL God's Glory,
Land of ALL Religions and Heroes,
Land of the rainbow gold, land for
All minorities no matter their origins,
For flood and fire and famine
She pays us back threefold.
Over the thirsty paddocks,
Watch, after many days,
The filmy veil of greenness
That thickens as we gaze ?
An opal-hearted country,
A willful, lavish land
All you who have not loved her,
You will not understand
though Earth holds many splendors,
Wherever I may die,
I know to what brown country
My homing thoughts will fly.
I don’t know when I first heard the song. It was a long time ago that I first heard this little hymn, this little song, this musical refrain. I believe that it is a memorable song for life. It goes like this:
It’s about love, love, love,
It’s about love, love, love,
Cause God loves us we love each other,
Father, Mother, sister, brother,
Everyone sing and shout, cause
That’s what it’s all about love.
It is short; we can listen to it again, to get the movement and flow of words.
It’s about love, love, love,
It’s about love, love, love,
Cause God loves us we love each other,
Father, Mother, sister, brother,
Everyone sing and shout, cause
That’s what it’s all about.
That’s what it is all about, and that is what this sermon is all about today. It’s about love. That’s what our hymns are all about today: love. That’s what life is all about: love.
It’s about love, love, love. From the moment you are born until the moment you die; and every second and every minute and every hour and every day and every month and every year and every decade, the purpose of life is God giving you and me the time to learn how to love, as God loves. The purpose of time, of every moment and every day and every year is that God is teaching us what it means to be truly loving people. That’s what it is all about. That is what it has always been about.
The shape of God’s love in us is forever changing throughout all of our lives. The shape of God’s love in us never stays the same....
Death comes. The house is empty. The apartment is empty. Time is empty. The shape of love is a great, big gaping hole in one’s heart…and memories.
And that’s what it’s all about. It’s about love, love, love.
It’s about love, love, love.
Cause God loves us we love each other,
Father, mother, sister, brother,
Everyone sing and shout, Cause,
That’s what it’s all about.
That’s what life is all about. From the moment we are born until the moment we die; every second, every minute, every hour, every day, every month, every year, every decade, and every moment in between, God is trying to teach us one thing. To love as God loves. And the shape of love is always changing. The shape of love is always expanding. Foolish is the person who thinks that she or she knows what love is at fifteen, or twenty-five or fifty-five or seventy-five, because the shape of God’s love in us is forever expanding and changing in our lives.
The Apostle Paul wrote one of the most beautiful odes to love found in either secular or religious literature when he wrote the following words, the text for today. As many of you know, this is my mantra, one of the three passages of Scripture that I recite to myself every day and have for many years. It has become the code of my life, my spiritual gyroscope, my compass, my inner guiding light.
“If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. If I have prophetic powers and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have the faith to move mountains but am not a loving person, I am nothing. If I give away all that I have and deliver my body to be burned, but am not a loving person, I gain nothing. … A loving person is patient and kind; he or she is not jealous or boastful, arrogant or rude, irritable or resentment. A loving person does not insist on one’s own way. A loving person does not rejoice in those things that are wrong but a loving person rejoices in those things that are right. A loving person bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things and endures all things. … If this quality of love ever becomes yours, it will never pass away. As for tongues and religious ecstasies, they will cease. As for knowledge, it too will pass away. For our knowledge is imperfect and our ecstasies are imperfect, but when the Perfect One comes, our imperfections will pass away. … When I was a child, I spoke like a child, I reasoned like a child, I thought like a child. When I finally became a mature person (for some of us, that is later in life than earlier), I gave up my childish and self-centered ways. …Now, I see in a mirror dimly, but in the future, more clearly. Now I know things only partially, but in the future, I shall understand all things fully, even as I have been fully understood my God. … So, faith, hope and love abide, these three, but the greatest gift that God has given to us is his love. Therefore, make love your goal, your reason, your purpose for living.”
That’s what it is all about. It’s about love, love, love. From the moment you are born until the moment you die; with every second, every minute, every hour, every day, every month, every year, every decade, and in every moment in between, God is teaching you and me the same thing: to be like God, to be fully the most loving person that God can make of us. That’s what it is all about. If anyone asks you what it is all about, what life is all about, it is about love, learning to love with the love of God.
God commands us to love one another in these ways. It is like God commanding fish to swim. It is like commanding birds to fly. It is like God commanding daffodils to be beautiful. When God commands us to love as God loves, God is simply commanding us to be the kind of people that we were created to be in the first place.
And that is what it is all about.
It’s about love, love, love.
Cause God loves us we love each other,
Father, mother, sister, brother.
Everybody sing and shout, Cause
That’s what its all about. Amen.
Now for Worldly Matters of Fact.
*********************************************
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
دور البطرك التاريخي
بقلم: زينا الخوري
قدر البطريرك نصرالله صفير ان يرأس الطائفة المارونية في حقبة مصيرية تتطلب الكثير من الحكمة! ودوره اليوم اكثر صعوبة من دور البطريرك الياس الحويك في ولادة دولة لبنان المستقل بعد سقوط الامبراطورية العثمانية.
يومها لجأ الحويك الى «الام الحنون» فرنسا لتحقيق هدفه. ومن الطبيعي ان يتطلع البطريرك صفير اليوم، على طريقة سلفه الحويك، صوب الغرب حيث مرجعيته الدينية. ومن الطبيعي ان تختلف النظرة الغربية عن المنظار الشرقي. واهمية «البطرك» التاريخي ان يعرف السبيل الاسلم الى المراعي الخصبة...
في العشرينات من القرن الماضي، يوم كان العالم العربي يغرق في جهالة وينام في تصحر، كانت طريق الغرب هي طريق المستقبل بلا منازع. اليوم كل شيء تبدل.
صحيح ان الولايات المتحدة هي القائد العالمي بامتياز. لكن الصحيح ايضاً ان السياسة الاميركية مبنية على مبدأ القوة. وهي تواجه اخفاقات كبيرة وتتبدل باستمرار...والصحيح ايضاً ان الموارنة مشرقيون. وكنيسة البطريركية المارونية هي انطاكيا.
القلق اليوم كبير. والاشهر التي تفصلنا عن ايلول قليلة. والصيف قصير. الكروم تنضج باكراً. والفعلة قليلون. فعلى البطريرك التاريخي ان يؤدي دوراً تاريخياً يمنع «كرمه» من اليباس.
نقطة الخلاف الجوهرية اليوم تتمحور حول انتخابات رئاسة الجمهورية. والسؤال الاساسي: ما هو النصاب القانوني للانتخابات؟ هنا جوهر الازمة التي قد تقضي على الجمهورية. وهنا الدور التاريخي لبكركي وواجبها اولاً الحفاظ على الجمهورية. كيف؟
- فليأمر غبطة البطريرك صفير بسحب موضوع النصاب من التداول في البازار السياسي... نهائياً.
- ولتشكل بكركي لجنة قانونية من خيرة القضاة، وخبراء القانون الدستوري، تمنحها صلاحيات تحديد دستورية آلية انتخاب رئيس الجمهورية. وليتقيّد الجميع بقرارها.
- وليقفلُ المنبر الاعلامي على درج بكركي مؤقتاً، لكي تتوقف المبارزة الاستفزازية بين المرشحين.
- وليُحذف الكلام السياسي من بيانات الاساقفة الشهرية.
الحقبات التاريخية تحتاج الى افعال تاريخية لا الى اقوال عابرة.
**************************************************************************
SAVING LEBANON FROM THE USA
----------------------------------------------------
The Planning started way back in the US Strategic Agreement in 1998....
The Targets:
The TOOLS.... and the Kleiat Air Force Base in North Lebanon ???
---------------------------------------------------------------
I’m told by Intelligence sources that while Rafic Hariri was in the US visiting Donald Rumsfeld, he mentions Koley'at Airport again... but an agreement failed to materialize again.Hariri was approached by US Intelligence earlier and had refused categorically to discuss US rights for an Air Base in North Lebanon, specifically the Koleiat Airport. Rafic Hariri was eyeing a pristine stretch of beach front land properties north of Tripoli , stretching for miles inland and into the hills behind it, and north to AKKAR . These beaches are of an immense value for a developer and Hariri had huge plans for the area,after he finds a permanent solution to settle the Palestinian refugees elsewhere. He had specific plans for that too, but did not want any Syrian meddling into these monumental projects, and local SUNNI traditional Leaderships did not like very much Hariri having an eye on these areas, especially that if he were to develop such properties, immense benefits for the area would ensue, with thousands of jobs at stake and economic development for an area desperate for investment and jobs. Had he succeeded in getting these projects off the ground, Rafic Hariri would have threatened the local traditional Sunni leaders of Tripoli, and his hegemonistic leadership on the Sunnis in Lebanon would have been almost complete.... but Rafic refused to play ball with the Americans and he wanted to develop that particular airport himself and turn it into a major international tourist hub, after building huge projects in the area . In order to protect his new "turf" and his potential Mega-investments in the North Lebanon, he resorted to a dangerous tactic, traditional to his Saudi Mentors.... Extreme Sunni local tribes, "turned Jihadists" in order to scare overseas investors and Imperial Hubris from poking in his projected new investment territories, and keep everyone away from the "prize"....the end result is what we see today in the North Of Lebanon, in Nahr Al-Bared and in all of the areas stretching from Jubeil, all the way to Kleiat and Akkar....[ watch and learn from the New Hollywoodian long Film, Unfold in front of your very eyes...]
When this approach with Hariri failed, the US turned to another local Sunni with strong ties to the Syrians...What I can tell you is that 4 years ago, a Lebanese middleman approached then Transport Minister Najib Mikati and told him the US is very keen on Koley'at. Mikati went to see his Syrian mentors (Makhloufs) and tried to woo them by promising riches ensuing from modernization work on the airport and basing rights for the US Air Force and NATO etc. At first the Syrians were willing to play, then US-Syrian relations soured.... for a while..... a tug of war is sure to unfold here, and the winners will have a big prize.
The Murders and the "Outcry"...
SAMIDOUN ???
THE END GAME .... KSA [ DIVIDED IN THREE TERRITORIES? ]
THE THUG FROM TEXAS, MANIPULATED BY DICK CHENEY,
THE STOOGE OF THE MOTHER OF ALL LOBBIES,
THE PETROLEUM LOBBY , OF TEXAS...
"THE SUM OF ALL LOBBIES WORLDWIDE"
THE LITTLE DONKEYS
THE SNAKE 
Maronite Patriarch Elias Hoyek, a man of Honor, Integrity, dedication and courage.
False Flag Operations, and Assassinations EXPERT.
DIVERSION TACTICS
KILLERS, MURDERERS, ASSASSINS, LIARS.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
.jpg)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=zim-american_israeli_shipping_co.
September 4, 2001: Israeli Company Moves Out of WTC
The Zim-American Israeli Shipping Co. moves their North American
headquarters from the 16th floor of the WTC to Norfolk, Virginia, one week
before the 9/11 attacks. The Israeli government owns 49 percent of the
company. [Virginian-Pilot, 9/4/2001] Zim announced the move and its date
six months earlier. [Virginian-Pilot, 4/3/2001] More than 200 workers had
just been moved out; about ten are still in the building making final
moving arrangements on 9/11, but escape. [Jerusalem Post, 9/13/2001;
Journal of Commerce, 10/18/2001] The move leaves only one Israeli company,
ClearForest, with 18 employees, in the WTC on 9/11. The four or five
employees in the building at the time manage to escape. [Jerusalem Post,
9/13/2001] One year later, a Zim ship is impounded while attempting to ship
Israeli military equipment to Iran; it is speculated that this is done with
the knowledge of Israel. [Agence France-Presse, 3/29/2002]
http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2005/08/321316.html
By September 3, 2001, Zim-American Israeli Shipping Company, completed its
move from the World Trade Center to Norfolk, Virginia after suddenly
canceling its lease in April 2001 and forfeiting a $50,000 lease
cancellation penalty. World Trade Center and New York-New Jersey Port
Authority Police had previously determined that Zim's World Trade Center
office was an intelligence operation that involved Mossad and CIA agents.
Unlike other tenants in the World Trade Center, Zim's stairwell access door
were covered by security cameras.
http://www.scribemedia.org/2006/10/11/israel-lobby/
This is particularly the case when it comes to what I think is the most
important argument they try to make which is about how the Israel Lobby was
responsible for taking this nation to war in Iraq. And that is completely
bogus. And what they managed to do is first of all they site a couple of
Israelis not the Israel Lobby. There is no evidence that whatsoever in the
article of what the Israel Lobby did, AIPAC that is, to take this nation to
war.
There is selective quote of some Israelis although there were many Israelis
who had a real problem with this country going to war against Iraq because
they considered the real threat to Israel, Iran.
Note that which Judt is saying is not 'we don't expect the US to fight
Israel's wars'. He is, in effect saying 'not only do we expect the US to
fight Israel's wars, but we will also tell you whom to attack, and when'.
Now, put that in conjunction with the fact that an Israeli company with 49%
government ownership as well as CIA involvement, which vacated its Twin
Tower office 5 days prior to 9/11/01, is selling weapons to the country
some in the Zionists Lobby want the US to make war against.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
"The civilized have created the wretched, quite coldly and deliberately, and do not intend to change the status quo; are responsible for their slaughter and enslavement; rain down bombs on defenseless children whenever and wherever they decide that their “vital interests” are menaced, and think nothing of torturing a man to death: these people are not to be taken seriously when they speak of the “sanctity” of human life, or the “conscience” of the civilized world. ”
****************************************************
History of American Military Interventions worldwide.
http://www.nogw.com/news_me.html
http://www.parapundit.com/archives/002208.html
The Truth Behind The Israeli Secret Services.
http://newhk.blogspot.com/ " Exclusive "
"Y'all gotta start thinking on a different level-
like the CIA does. We're through the looking glass.
Here white is black and black is white."
Introduction:
Perception is paramount to reality in the Middle East.
Most of the known, and some of the written, history is
based on myths and half truths. All parties in the Arab
-Israeli conflict, and in the inter-Arab conflicts, have
engaged in spreading lies and dis-information, and
unfortunately most of these stick to the minds of the
public.
The party that has most benefited from and made use
of this fact has been, and still is, Israel.
It has been the main and most pervasive purveyor of lies
for many reasons, but the main one has been its strong
influence, and sometimes its actual control, of most
main media in the west. Many Arabs do not trust their
own government controlled media, and often turn to
foreign sources, like the BBC World service and CNN,
to get their information. Israel has been extremely
active since its inception and mostly since the 1967
war in spreading the lies about its own prowess
vis-�-vis the Arabs.
One of the most effective media campaigns has been
the one to portray the Israeli secret service,
especially the Mossad, as a heroic group of
dedicated and patriotic men who are in direct
war with the Arab hordes and international
terrorists. Most of the now-famous operations,
like the Adolf Eichman abduction in 1960, have
been translated into best-selling books and
box-office hits at the cinema
(Black and Morris, 501).
The truth behind the Mossad and other Israeli
secret services is far more insidious and
unethical and it is a catalogue of crime,
of murder, internationally illegal acts,
intra-organizational conflict, and inept
handling of sensitive operations.
We will see evidence of this, particularly
the role of these services in the 1982
Invasion and in particular with the Sabra
and Shatilla Massacre, as well
as the eventual Intelligence failure in Lebanon.
Then we will work on explaining the functions of
the different organizations, showing that not
only can we expose them,but that it's possible
to counter them successfully.....
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Beware the siren Lebanon
ARIEL SHARON wakes up from his long coma in a sweat and says he's had a terrible nightmare. "What was it?" ask his aides. "I dreamed we were back in Lebanon and that I was in Sabra and Shatila again."
The bitter joke, which has been making the rounds here since the war against Hezbollah last summer, goes to the heart of Prime Minister Ehud Olmert's broken career. For a quarter-century, Lebanon has been the graveyard of Israeli politicians reckless enough to venture there.
Some, like Menachem Begin, never emerged again. That may be the fate of Olmert. A government commission issued a scathing first report last week on his leadership during the first five days of the war. A final segment, due some time this summer, may well urge him to resign. His foreign minister, Tzipi Livni, has already said he should.
Some politicians, like Sharon, managed to stagger out of Lebanon and eventually revive — despite, in his case, having been labeled by ALL, a war criminal for planning and executing the massacres of Palestinians and Lebanese, by Israel's IDF's Sayyaret Metkal and the SLA Militias and others.
When he did emerge with the help of the PNAC crowd and the mother of ALL Lobbies in the US, the Dick Cheney lobby, his famous impetuosity was seared away. In a sense, it was the nightmare of Lebanon that had taught Sharon fear, and allowed him to become a coward in his second career, by naming an unknown quantity as his deputy, because Ariel Sharon always feared the smart and capable Leaders, and always tried to keep them away from him, for fear of destituting him and stealing the limelight from his devastating cruelty, hence Ehud Olmert found himself overnight in the drivers seat, when the "angels" cut the grass from under Sharon's feet and answered all my prayers for his long descent to HELL, which I will keep praying that it will be ENDLESS, for he should suffer for all the cruelty and war crimes which he did try to blame wrongly upon others, especially Mr. Elie Hobeika.
Barak, the former Labor Party prime minister, hopes for just such a resurrection....
It was Barak who suddenly pulled Israel out of Lebanon in 2000 to concentrate — in vain — on efforts to make peace first with Syria and then with the Palestinians. But his was a unilateral act, and neither he nor his successors reinforced it with the retaliation he had promised Hezbollah if it violated the border. Many Israelis now believe the combination made last summer's war inevitable.
"Lebanon has significantly harmed or destroyed the political careers of nearly every Israeli politician that has touched it," said Chuchk Froehlich, formerly Israel's deputy national security adviser and now at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "The reason is not simply the nature of Lebanon, but the nature of Israeli decision-making in the last few decades, which has been shortsighted, focused on the immediate future and not part of a thought-out strategy."
But there is also a broader question of what might work in the specific conundrum of Lebanon. A sectarian patchwork of a state without a powerful central government or army, Lebanon has always been driven by religion and ethnicity and dominated by external forces like Syria or externally sponsored ones like Hezbollah and, before it, the Palestine Liberation Organization.
In trying to attack unarmed civilians within Lebanon, Israel has always come up against the difficulties of conventional warfare against the Resistance actors trying to defend themselves sand their countrymen, form utter destruction of the IDF and American weapon systems.
Marc Heller, director of research for the Institute for National Security Studies at Tel Aviv University, notes that Lebanon itself was never an enemy, "but a theater in which Israel operates with impunity against civilians for decades" without any moral values, with complete disregard for humanity and restraint, hence the Lebanese Resistance to repetitive incursions and occupation.
So Lebanon has become a marker, he said, for "the inability of the Israeli public in general, and the political system in particular, to adapt to the fact that it can't hold governments and armies to the same standards in Lebanon that it was holding them to before 1982 — before Lebanon."
In 1982, Sharon, as defense minister, pressed Begin into a full-scale attack on the PLO and Yasser Arafat, to deny them Lebanon as a theater of operations , and to try to finish off the Palestinian issue all together.
At first, the war went spectacularly well, and Arafat had to slink off to Tunis. But Sharon and Israel fell victim to the classic trap of assuming that Lebanon could be restructured to Israel's liking. The hand-picked Christian president, Bashir Gemayel, was assassinated nine days before he was to take office; the initially welcoming Shiites of southern Lebanon revolted against their occupiers. Hezbollah, with the help of Iran, took hold.
Clintron Bailey, an Israeli scholar of the Bedouin culture, was an Israeli intelligence officer at the time. As he and I traveled to the Awali River in 1983, he told me: "We knew where the Palestinians had every gun — in this building, on the second floor, third window from the left....and we knew where were all the Palestinians we wanted to assassinate in Sabra and Shatila, and we went in and killed all of them, one by one, and then we brought others to be the fall guys for our troops, and for our Butcher Sharon and Raffoul Eitan. But what we didn't know was that the Shiites would turn against us."
Israel's occupation lasted 18 years, testimony to a continuing illusion of what it might be possible to accomplish, if only the Lebanese could be freed from outside pressures like Israel and USA to follow their own self-interest. Of course, that never happened.
So what made Olmert's war so astonishing was that despite his long apprenticeship to Sharon, he bought all the old assumptions about Lebanon, hoping to have a masterstroke against Hezbollah by turning the civilian population and the central government of Fuad Siniora against it. Instead, the Israeli decision to bomb all over Lebanon, and not just Hezbollah targets in the south, weakened Siniora and strengthened the Resistance of Hizbullah and the opposition of all Lebanese to the Israeli and American brutality.
Given his Lebanese trauma, most Israelis believe, Sharon would not have gone to war. He would have responded, "but in a limited way, and in his own time, and in a way that would hurt the other side — more civilians massacred by IDF, like he always did all his creepy life — and not the Lebanese government," . Sharon used to say: "As far as action on the border with Lebanon goes: don't do whatever doesn't amount to massacres, murders, brutality and more killings of the innocent civilians in Lebanon." That's Israel's and IDF's Legacy in Lebanon.
The inexperienced, incurious, idiotic buffoon, brought to you by Ariel Sharon for "cover", Olmert "didn't realize he was getting into a real war," . Rather, the parliamentary committee found, "The prime minister made up his mind hastily, despite the fact that no detailed military plan was submitted to him and without asking for one."
As damning, the report said, "His decision was made without close study of the complex features of the Lebanon front and of the military, political and diplomatic options available to Israel." Amracounon Roubinztein, a former legislator and cabinet minister who is now at the Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliyah, said simply: "Lebanon is a swamp; that's why all the answers are sticky." GOOD.
"Olmert is blamed," but the real culprit is Ariel Sharon for choosing such a buffoon to be his deputy, as if he did not know that the people he assassinated over the years in Lebanon, are ALL praying together for his instantaneous demise, and God will inevitably answer their prayers in time to put Sharon in a freezer for GOOD, he said, "but he had no good alternatives to reach his stated goals, because he is an ignorant lame duck."
Shatahi Felderman, director of the Crown Center for Middle East Studies at Brandeis University, said, however, that it was easy for Olmert to be seduced by the Pentagon, Condi Rice, and GWB and the claim that "air power alone can do it."
"That thesis," Felderman said, "fell on very receptive ears, and for good reason — because the civilian and military leadership were traumatized by the 18 years in Lebanon." The half-hearted war, he said, "was precisely the heritage of the demons of Israel's previous experiences in Lebanon."
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Role and Function of the Agencies
etc.
1- Mossad: (Hebrew:
HaMossad LeModi'in U'Letfkidm Meyuhadim.
(Mentioned 78 times in Kahan)
2- AMAN: (Hebrew:
Agaf Modi'in. English: IDF Intelligence Branch)
(Mentioned 104 times in Kahan)
3- Shin Bet, or
Shabak: (Hebrew: Sherut Habitachim Haklali.
the occasional extra-judicial execution specialists.
(Mentioned 8 times in Kahan)
4- LAKAM: (Hebrew:
Lishka le Kishrei Mada.
etc.
Portrait of the KILLERS AND MURDERERS
On Jan. 24, 2002, Hobeika's car was blown up by a remote controlled bomb
placed in a parked Mercedes along a street in the Hazmieh section of Beirut.
The blast was a "cone-shaped charge" that used "moldable high explosives
such as SEMTEX H," shaped to create a high-speed, high temperature blast
wave. The blast took place in two stages over a fraction of a second.
During the first stage, the blast "forces all the air out with tremendous force,
" creating a vacuum, but as air rushes back in, it creates another
tremendous force that causes further damage. "It's a trademark of bombs
made by CIA and the Pentagon", in their regular training of proxy forces
over the years, in various exchanges of military expertise with Lebanese
Army Intelligence, and the Lebanese forces in the 1980s, and elsewhere
in the world.
Such expertise was deliberately aimed at eliminating Sheikh Muhammad
Hussein Fadlallah, the chief interpreter of Islamic law for the Shia'.
An attempt was made on Fadlallah's life on March 8, 1985, when an
explosive-packed car was driven into a Beirut suburb about 50 yards from
Fadlallah's residence. The car disappeared in a blinding blue flash that
killed 85 people and wounded 200 more. Longs weeks of training were
carried out in various places, including Safra, where Israeli and American
expertise was also brought to bear, in order to insure success for this major
operation of CIA and MOSSAD, with Lebanese Army Intelligence, and it was
supposed to be a revenge for the Marine Barracks Bombing of 1983, in which
241 service members died in a suicide operation, believed to have been
carried out by Hizbullah in its infancy....
This operation was a total failure, and Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah
survived miraculously, but the whole neighborhood was devastated.
CIA scrambled in Washington Dc and elsewhere to cover their tracks and hide
all evidence of their DIRECT involvement in this operation from the
US Congress, hence a book was written then, by BOB WOODWARD,
"VEIL" to fabricate a story about this US/Israeli operation. It is interesting
that Sheikh Fadlallah read Woodward's book and cites its content in some
of his interviews....
Hizbullah tracked several of the "executors" of the operations, and at least
2 of them were executed....
A former State Department official said that the group behind the bombing
had been trained in the United States, and that there was direct American
involvement in the assassination attempt, CIA and Lebanese Army
Intelligence, headed then by Officer Johnny ABDO, during the tenure
of Amine Gemayel, and on direct orders from President Amine Gemayel.
Both Johnny Abdo and Amine Gemayel were/are, the Darlings of all
American Administrations until today....
The bomb exploded when Hobeika and his three associates, Fares Souweidan,
Mitri Ajram, and Waleed Zein, were driving their Range Rover past the
C4-laden Mercedes at 9:20 am Beirut time. The Range Rover's four passengers
were killed in the explosion. In case Hobeika's car had taken another route
through the neighborhood, two additional parked cars, located at two other
choke points, were also rigged with C4. The powerful bomb wounded a number
of other people in the vicinity. Other parked cars were destroyed and
buildings and homes were damaged. The Lebanese president, prime minister,
interior minister and the Military Prosecutor, all claimed that Israeli
agents were behind the attack, which was partially true, but they also
knew this to be, a CIA operation par excellence, since the Chief Architect
of the "Local" plans, timing , etc. was Jamil El-Sayyed , the head of the
Surete Generale, with direct assistance from Lebanese Military Intelligence,
and some latitude for the "end users" in the area of the crime... in a
specific building, with 3 floors...ideally situated for the surveillance and
execution of the crime... etc.
http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
The IED in the Bomb laden Mercedes, was a "Shaped Charge " with a very
specific signature, hence the immediate arrival of large water tanker trucks
of the civil defense, to cleanse the area with high powered water guns for a
long long time... with specific direct orders from Baabda & Anjar and the
infamous Interior Minister Elias MURR, who will be given TOP honors from
Richard Noble of Interpol & FBI for a job well done in removing any traces
of the American/Israeli assassination of Hobeika, courtesy of AZAR...
Ghazi Kanaan will do the rest to cover ALL tracks and " reassure " the
grieving folks and relatives of his "deepest sorrow" and close this chapter
securely, in order to forbid any official investigations for Good, for he
was to serve his AMERICAN HANDLERS... well, very well , until 2005.
It is noteworthy that the State Department's list of global terrorist
incidents for 2002 worldwide failed to list the car bombing attack on
Hobeika and his party. The White House wanted to ensure the attack was
censored from the report. The reason was simple: the attack ultimately had
Washington's fingerprints on it...
On Jan. 24, 2002, Hobeika's car was blown up by a remote controlled bomb
placed in a parked Mercedes along a street in the Hazmieh section of Beirut.
The blast was a "cone-shaped charge" that used "moldable high explosives
such as SEMTEX H," shaped to create a high-speed, high temperature blast
wave. The blast took place in two stages over a fraction of a second.
During the first stage, the blast "forces all the air out with tremendous force,
" creating a vacuum, but as air rushes back in, it creates another
tremendous force that causes further damage. "It's a trademark of bombs
made by CIA and the Pentagon", in their regular training of proxy forces
over the years, in various exchanges of military expertise with Lebanese
Army Intelligence, and the Lebanese forces in the 1980s, and elsewhere
in the world.
Such expertise was deliberately aimed at eliminating Sheikh Muhammad
Hussein Fadlallah, the chief interpreter of Islamic law for the Shia'.
An attempt was made on Fadlallah's life on March 8, 1985, when an
explosive-packed car was driven into a Beirut suburb about 50 yards from
Fadlallah's residence. The car disappeared in a blinding blue flash that
killed 85 people and wounded 200 more. Longs weeks of training were
carried out in various places, including Safra, where Israeli and American
expertise was also brought to bear, in order to insure success for this major
operation of CIA and MOSSAD, with Lebanese Army Intelligence, and it was
supposed to be a revenge for the Marine Barracks Bombing of 1983, in which
241 service members died in a suicide operation, believed to have been
carried out by Hizbullah in its infancy....
This operation was a total failure, and Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah
survived miraculously, but the whole neighborhood was devastated.
CIA scrambled in Washington Dc and elsewhere to cover their tracks and hide
all evidence of their DIRECT involvement in this operation from the
US Congress, hence a book was written then, by BOB WOODWARD,
"VEIL" to fabricate a story about this US/Israeli operation. It is interesting
that Sheikh Fadlallah read Woodward's book and cites its content in some
of his interviews....
Hizbullah tracked several of the "executors" of the operations, and at least
2 of them were executed....
A former State Department official said that the group behind the bombing
had been trained in the United States, and that there was direct American
involvement in the assassination attempt, CIA and Lebanese Army
Intelligence, headed then by Officer Johnny ABDO, during the tenure
of Amine Gemayel, and on direct orders from President Amine Gemayel.
Both Johnny Abdo and Amine Gemayel were/are, the Darlings of all
American Administrations until today....
The bomb exploded when Hobeika and his three associates, Fares Souweidan,
Mitri Ajram, and Waleed Zein, were driving their Range Rover past the
C4-laden Mercedes at 9:20 am Beirut time. The Range Rover's four passengers
were killed in the explosion. In case Hobeika's car had taken another route
through the neighborhood, two additional parked cars, located at two other
choke points, were also rigged with C4. The powerful bomb wounded a number
of other people in the vicinity. Other parked cars were destroyed and
buildings and homes were damaged. The Lebanese president, prime minister,
interior minister and the Military Prosecutor, all claimed that Israeli
agents were behind the attack, which was partially true, but they also
knew this to be, a CIA operation par excellence, since the Chief Architect
of the "Local" plans, timing , etc. was Jamil El-Sayyed , the head of the
Surete Generale, with direct assistance from Lebanese Military Intelligence,
and some latitude for the "end users" in the area of the crime... in a
specific building, with 3 floors...ideally situated for the surveillance and
execution of the crime... etc.
http://newhk.blogspot.com/
A U.S. intelligence source revealed to me, that in the world of intelligence
"carve out" subcontracts such confusion is often the case with "plausible
deniability" being a foremost concern in ALL covert operations, especially
in Elie Hobeika's case on January 24th 2002, & Hariri's Feb. 14th 2005...
Notwithstanding Jacques CHIRAC's gesticulations and false sorrow for
the loss of his "friend" Rafic HARIRI, he has been regularly organizing
official meetings in Paris for Asef Shawkat with his services to secure
SYRIA for and with Asef Shawkat,hence,In a series of secret meetings
in Israel and Europe, between 2000 and July 2006, Syrians, Americans
and Israelis formulated understandings for orchestrating several murders
in Lebanon ...and were executed well, with great precision and excellent
timing like clock work, the extreme sophistication of Hariri's MURDER
is a case in point for later comments in due course...
High level European intelligence sources now report that Karl Rove
personally coordinated Hobeika's assassination. The liaison with American
Intelligence was done through Bahjat Suleiman from Syrian Intelligence.
French DGSE played a major role in Paris, by helping in the " orchestrated "
attack on Mr. Elie Hobeika , with various shady books and publications, and
by giving refuge in France & sanctuary to criminal elements directly linked
to MOSSAD and CIA who authored these phony publications .
This help was provided prior to the murder, by tolerating a full fledged
smear campaign, orchestrated by intelligence operatives preparing the
grounds for a horrendous murder, and help continued after the murder has
been well executed , and after ALL the facts were available to the French
Government and DGSE, and even more phony publications by the same
individuals were willingly nurtured and publicized.
French DGSE knew full well the criminal history of these individuals,&
French DGSE knew full well that those guys were proven LIARS, but still
gives them sanctuary, help, assistance and more... in France today.
It is well established that CIA has a MAJOR base of operations in Paris,
together with DGSE , since Sep. 11th 2001, against the so-called war on
" Terror ", despite the highly publicized positions of Jacques Chirac,
critical of the Iraq invasion, prior to 2003 and beyond....
The hit on Hobeika was sold by CIA through a tortuous web & employed
Lebanese CIA agents. Syrian President Bashar Assad was trying to
curry favor with the Bush administration in the aftermath of 9-11 and was
more than willing to help the White House, and Ghazi Kanaan did everything
he could to help CIA in this Murderous Endeavour to assassinate Mr. Elie
Hobeika, and did ALL he could after the Murder to cover ALL tracks and
wash the crime scene with high powered water guns in the hour that followed
the Terror Car Bomb in Hazmieh...
It runs in the FAMILY.....
Syria believed that the massive support it gave Washington in the
investigation of Al-Qaeda activists - "after September 11, the Syrian
leader, Bashar Assad, initiated the delivery of Syrian intelligence to the
U.S. The Syrians had compiled hundreds of files on Al-Qaeda, including
dossiers on the men who participated, and others who wanted to participate,
in the September 11 attacks," Seymour Hersh wrote in the July 28 issue of
The New Yorker - it would be able to "protect itself" in the face of
American pressure. http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
According to Sy Hersh, he uncovered close ongoing relations developed
between Syria , the CIA and FBI, in the course of which Syria transmitted
information that saved many American lives. "In one instance," Hersh writes,
"the Syrians learned that Al-Qaeda had penetrated the security services of
Bahrain and had arranged for a glider loaded with explosives to be flown
into a building at the U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet headquarters there." Thanks to
Syria's help, the operation was thwarted. Agents of the CIA and FBI were
allowed to conduct "intelligence-gathering operations" in Aleppo, where they
questioned people who knew Mohammed Atta, one of the planners and
implementers of the September 11, 2001, attacks, and the family of bin
Laden, in Latakia. George Tenet, the director of the CIA, was a frequent
visitor to Syria and received full cooperation. At one stage, the CIA wanted
to establish a permanent "back" channel with Damascus but apparently ran
into some obstacles: the State Department, which didn't want the CIA poking
around in foreign policy...
CIA has prevailed over the state department, and CIA has now a permanent
base in Syria. Syria is still providing precious help to CIA on Al-Qaeda,
and this has been confirmed this summer by none other than the DCI
Michael Hayden himself, when he said specifically that Syria's information
on Al-Qaeda and other intelligence matters provided to the USA, are
Indispensable for CIA, and he refused to sign on the attack by Israel
on Syria ..... It seems that Syria still has a lot of information up its
sleeves on the Various assassinations in Lebanon, which are without a
shadow of a doubt, A joint Venture and a Joint US/SYRIAN operation with
Israeli blessing and tacit approval and logistical support, whenever this
is needed.... to further the technical skills of the Syrian Intelligence
apparatus of Asef Shawkat and other " penetrated bodies of Intelligence "
in Damascus and Lebanon....
Hafez Assad, had been an ally of Bush's father during Desert Storm, a period
that saw Washington give a "wink and a nod" to Syria's occupation of
Lebanon. Rove wanted to help Sharon avoid any political embarrassment from
an in absentia trial in Brussels where Hobeika would be a star witness. Rove
and Sharon agreed on the plan to use Syrian Military Intelligence agents to
assassinate Hobeika. Rove saw Sharon as an indispensable ally of Bush in
ensuring the loyalty of the Christian evangelical and Jewish voting blocs in
the United States. Sharon saw the plan to have the United States coordinate
the hit as a way to mask all connections to Jerusalem.
Turning a blind eye was ordered by Assef Shawkat, the number two man in
Syrian military intelligence and a good friend and brother in law of Syrian
President Bashar Assad. Assad's intelligence services had already cooperated
with U.S. intelligence in resorting to unconventional methods to extract
information from al Qaeda detainees deported to Syria from the United States
and other countries in the wake of 9-11.
It is noteworthy here to disclose to the world, that Asef Shawkat had arranged
for the "Car accident"/assassination of Basil Al-Assad in 1994, in order to
pave the way for his marriage with Bushra Al-Assad. Basil was adamantly
opposed to this relationship and Asef knew that the only way to get his way,
is to KILL Basil Al-Assad....which he did.... !
The security was ordered to be completely removed , months before, from
Hobeika's neighborhood by General Raymond AZAR, the head of Lebanese
Military Intelligence and his deputy. CIA "arranged with their KILLERS"
remote controlled cars to be parked along Hobeika's route in Hazmieh; only
few hundred yards from the Barracks of Syrian Special Forces which are
stationed in the area near the Presidential palace , the ministry of Defense
and various Government and officers quarters. The KILLERS were CIA
operatives who got DIRECT operational help from the Deuxieme Bureau,
the Lebanese Army's Military Intelligence Arm.
This particular area is covered 24/7, by a very sophisticated American
multi-agency surveillance system to monitor Syrian and Lebanese security
activities, and is a " Choice " area to live in for its perceived high
security, [Courtesy of the Special Collections Services "SCS" , which is a
joint CIA & NSA & DIA team endeavor worldwide .]
The plan to kill Hobeika had all the necessary caveats and built-in denial
mechanisms. If the Syrians were discovered beforehand or afterwards, Karl
Rove and his associates in the Pentagon's Office of Special Plans would be
ensured plausible deniability, given the professional denigration effort
started in earnest, years ahead, in USA,Israel,France,Lebanon,using multi
layered organizations to denigrate Mr. Elie Hobeika in books and shady
publications, in print and on the Internet. The operation took years in
planning, but succeeded in eliminating a Lebanese Icon, using Syrian,
and Lebanese operatives, with the full "tacit" agreement of a complex
web of actors, after years of intense covert disinformation, an Operation
run by highly skilled professionals, who use "witting" and "unwitting
elements"...a Classic Black operation for the people in the "Know"....
From David Halevy in Time Magazine in 1982, to Barbara Newman, & from
USCFL to local and other International creepy actors and seedy players,
Mr. Elie Hobeika bore the brunt of a skilled disinformation machine,
single-handedly, for well over 20 years. In other words, during Times of
WAR, and in "Peace Times" of the NEOCONS.,(FDDC),& DOD's OSP,
THE TRUTH will always be the first Victim.
Hobeika's CIA'S SHADOW.... in Beirut, a man only referred to as "Jason" by
Hobeika, was a frequent companion of the Lebanese politician during official
and off-duty hours. During Hobeika's year 2000 election campaigns for his
parliamentary seat, Jason was often in Hobeika's office offering support and
advice. After Hobeika's assassination, Jason became despondent over the
death of his colleague. Eventually, Jason disappeared abruptly from Lebanon
and reportedly later emerged in Pakistan. Jason was very close to Hobeika.
Karl Rove's involvement in the assassination of Hobeika may not have been
the last "hit" he ordered to help out Sharon. In March 2002, a few months
after Hobeika's assassination, another Lebanese Christian with knowledge of
Sharon's involvement in the Sabra and Shatilla massacres was gunned down
along with his wife in Sao Paulo, Brazil. A bullet fired at Michael Nassar's
car flattened one of his tires. Nassar pulled into a gasoline station for
repairs. A professional assassin, firing a gun with a silencer, shot Nassar
and his wife in the head, killing them both instantly. The assailant fled
and was never captured. Nassar was also involved with the Phalange militia
at Sabra and Shatilla. Nassar was also reportedly willing to testify against
Sharon in Belgium, as a nephew of SLA Commander General Antoine Lahd,
may have had important evidence to bolster Hobeika's charge that Sharon
ordered SLA forces into the camps to wipe out the Palestinians.
But further detailed Investigations proved that the HIT on Nassar was
only a Diversion ordered by CIA and carried out by Ghassan Touma , Ragi
Abdo, Alias "Al-Capitaine" - Naji Najjar & their Killers in Brazil... and
elsewhere! More Later... on a related topic and Robert Nassar ???
Based on what European intelligence claims is concrete intelligence on
Rove's involvement in the assassination of Hobeika, the Bush administration
can now add political assassination to its laundry list of other misdeeds,
from lying about the reasons to go to war to the torture tactics in
violation of the Geneva Conventions that have been employed by the Pentagon
and "third country" nationals at prisons in Iraq , Guantanamo Bay,
Morocco, and various East European locations, among others....
Given the actual climate of political cacophonies, deceit,
deception and intrigue in Lebanon of today, Lebanon of
the LIARS of NEOCONVILLE, it has been
proven beyond a shadow of a doubt, that Mr. Elie Hobeika
was a visionary Leader . http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
Despite the horrendous Fabrications, LIES , False Flag operations,
by CIA and MOSSAD, to discredit Mr. Elie Hobeika,
It has been proven beyond a shadow of a doubt,
that ALL stories which came out immediately
after the Assassination of Mr.Elie Hobeika, Fares Sweidan,
Dimitri Ajram, and Waleed El-Zein, were completely &
utterly FALSE. It was a pure fabrication by the KILLERS;
AND the DOD'S Foreign Denial and Deception Committee (FDDC),
to cover their tracks. Standard operating procedure.
I mean by that, the stories relating to Elie trying to find
IMAD Moughnieh, the alleged attempted contacts with CIA,
MOSSAD, etc. , the missing Iranian diplomats, the 9 most
wanted by CIA, whose names have been circulated then,
on purpose by CIA, to 7 ministers in the actual Lebanese
Government, etc. [ which CIA has completely forgotten now,
one of them has proven since to be a CIA asset himself...]
ALL these were a tortuous web of lies to cover the
tracks of the Murderers of CIA, MOSSAD, and their Syro-Lebanese
tools.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
This is some of the evidence for you and for the World...article&sid=1052
************************************************************************************************
~encrypted/logs/access ====>> INTELLIGENCE Agencies Servers footprints.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Not to mention hundreds of private companies and governments........!
See Below : INTELLIGENCE Agencies , INTELL. :
************************************************************************************************
Lines 10-36 of my logfiles show a lot of interest in this article: =1052
# grep sid=1052 /encrypted/logs/access_logawk '{print$1,$7}'sed-n'10,36p'.
spb-213-33-248-190.sovintel.ru /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Soviet/Russian Intelligence services...
ext1.shape.nato.int /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
NATO Intel.
server1.namsa.nato.int /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Nato Intel.
ns1.saclantc.nato.int /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Strategic Air Command US Intel.
bxlproxyb.europarl.eu.int /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
European Parliament Intel. Unit
wdcsun18.usdoj.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
USA Department of Justice...
wdcsun21.usdoj.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
USA Department of Justice...
tcs-gateway11.treas.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
USA Treasury Department
tcs-gateway13.treas.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
USA Treasury Department
relay1.ucia.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
CIA Langley
relay2.cia.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
CIA Langley
relay2.ucia.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
CIA Langley
n021.dhs.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
USA Department of Homeland security Intel.
legion.dera.gov.uk /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
British Intel.
gateway-fincen.uscg.mil /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Pentagon US.
crawler2.googlebot.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Intel....
crawler1.googlebot.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Intel.....
gateway101.gsi.gov.uk /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
British Intel.
gate11-quantico.nmci.usmc.mil /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
USA Marine Corps Quantico Virginia Intel.
gate13-quantico.nmci.usmc.mil /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
USA Marine Corps Quantico Virginia Intel.
fw1-a.osis.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
US Intel SIS.
crawler13.googlebot.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Intel....
fw1-b.osis.gov /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
US Intel. OSIS.
bouncer.nics.gov.uk /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
British Intel.
beluha.ssu.gov.ua /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052
Ukrainian Intelligence.
zukprxpro02.zreo.compaq.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1052....
Intel....
This is just a sample, and I have many more...
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Arithmetic of Disdain
There is no democracy in the world that should tolerate Air Raids
being done for decades by IAF at its cities, without taking every
reasonable step to stop the attacks. The big question raised by
Israel's military actions in Lebanon is why all this "DISDAIN." ?
The answer, according to the laws of humanity, is that it is racism,
jealousy and pure HATE, to attack civilian targets, for so long
in Lebanon, as every effort is made to reduce to rubble any peace,
and maximize civilian casualties in Lebanon in order to satisfy the
consecutive Israeli leader's lust for violence, destruction and death,
in Lebanon and beyond, because of a "culture of Violence" so
pervasive in Israel and in USA.
If the objectives cannot be achieved without "clear excuses", the
Israelis and the Americans will "invent or Create" a "terrorist Act",
in a false flag operational scheme, to get their ways and continue
the hegemonic lust for "energy" control and "protection".
Some civilian casualties, that must be "proportional" to their
Strategic Goals, or collateral Damage, as they call it, amounting
to several hundreds of thousands of DEATHS, in Iraq, or in
Lebanon, or Palestine, or anywhere else, is "worth it" in their
book...
Casualties that would be prevented by the Peaceful coexistence,
is never in the cards for Israel or USA's administrations.
This is all well and good for democratic nations that deliberately
locate their military bases away from civilian population centers.
Israel has its air force, nuclear facilities and large army bases in
locations as remote as anything can be in that country. It is possible
for an enemy to attack Israeli military targets without inflicting
"collateral damage" on its civilian population, because Israel has
received and continue to receive TENS of Billions of US dollars,
in order to turn its territory into an Offensive Military Machine,
bent on terrorizing the whole area for decades, until all energy
supplies in the area run out, then, they might "consider" PEACE.
Hezbollah and others, by contrast, try to protect their countrymen
and women, the best way they can, with the little means they have
to operate with, and mount a military Resistance structure, out of
densely populated areas, because over the years, Israel has forcibly
pushed the populations of south Lebanon to head north, in order to
escape the brutality if its daily bombardments, and repetitive brutal
incursions and invasions of south Lebanon, for over forty years.
They launch antipersonnel missiles with ball-bearing shrapnel,
designed locally, because they cannot acquire adequate defensive
weapons from the WEST, to defend themselves, and they do that,
in order by to maximize Israeli military and other casualties,
in a desperate attempt to keep Israeli offenses from annihilating
whole villages and towns throughout Lebanon. .
This chorus of futile and "shy" condemnation of Israel over the years,
actually encourages the Israelis to operate freely and terrorize cities,
towns, villages, Hospitals, ambulances in all civilian areas, all over
Lebanon and beyond.
While Israel does everything to maximize civilian casualties on
Lebanese civilians, in a desperate attempt to foment civilian unrest,
and condemnation of the Hizbullah Resistance, a diplomat
commented years ago, that Israel "have mastered the harsh arithmetic
of DISDAIN. . . . Lebanese casualties play in their favor and Pals.
casualties play in their favor." These are groups that send children
to schools like everybody else in this world, and sometimes without
the child or the parent knowing that his child will ever come back
home from school, or might be sacrificed in an Israeli or American
Air Raid somewhere. Several thousands have died in these raids in
south Lebanon, Iraq, or Afghanistan recently.
This misuse of civilians as targets and fuel for American and Israeli
Proxy Wars, requires a reassessment of the laws of war and the
Geneva Conventions, and the ICC in the Hague.
The distinction between combatants and civilians -- easy when
combatants were uniformed members of armies that fought
on battlefields distant from civilian centers -- is very easy in
the present context. Now, there is a continuum of "BESTIALITY",
Made In Israel and USA worldwide, laws must change, in order
to take to courts and indict the Barbarians in the Pentagon and
Tel-Aviv.
Near the most civilian end of this continuum are the pure innocents --
babies, hostages and others completely uninvolved; at the more
combatant end are civilians who willingly harbor Resistance, provide
material resources and serve as human support; in the middle are those
who support the Hizbullah fighters politically, materially and spiritually,
just like in the second world war.
The laws of war and the rules of morality must adapt to these
realities. An analogy to domestic criminal law is instructive: A bank
robber who takes a teller hostage and fires at police from behind his
human shield is guilty of murder if they, in an effort to stop the
robber from shooting, accidentally kill the hostage. The same should
be true of Israelis who use civilians as targets from behind F16s and
F15s and SAAR naval gun boats, and indiscriminately and brutally
they fire their rockets. The Israeli state' terrorists must be held legally
and morally responsible for the deaths of the civilians, even if the
direct physical cause was an Israeli rocket anywhere. Israel fired
hundreds of thousands of mortar shells in south Lebanon over the
years, they should be made to pay compensation and damages to
all families, towns and municipalities for the damages they inflict.
Lebanon must be allowed to finish the fight that Israel and America
started over 60 years ago, even if that means military and civilian
casualties in Israel . A Lebanese democracy is entitled to prefer
the lives of its own innocents over the lives of the civilians of an
aggressor, especially if the latter group contains many who are
complicit in deliberate terrorism worldwide. Israel will -- and
should -- take every precaution to minimize civilian casualties on the
other side, because Israel has a history of deliberately executing false
flag operations and terrorism with their US allies.
On July 16, Hassan Nasrallah, the head of Hezbollah, announced
there will be new "surprises," and Israel will be resisted, repelled and
Beaten, wall to wall, if it continues its daily aggressions over Lebanon,
and keeps occupying the Shebaa farms.
Cluster Bombs and other illegal weapons that are used by IDF, IAF
and other rockets will be allowed to be pre-empted by the WESTERN
world one day ????
Or their use will be a perpetual, deliberate Imperial Design to keep this
whole area on a powder keg for ever? At least until all Energy resources
have been exhausted?
Israel never left Sheba'a Farms of Lebanon in 2000 and will have to do
so soonest. These are "occupied" territories.
Yet they serve as launching pads for attacks on Lebanese civilians daily.
Occupation does cause Resistance, and, Israel, the US and the UN
know that the term "terrorism" seems to cause more resistance to injustice,
because it is used and abused in the wrong context deliberately to smear
just causes worldwide. The "Western world" has to come to its senses
soon, and ensure that these so-called Leaders of the State of Israel cease
to be terrorists, and Israel ceases to be a safe haven for a Global Mafia....
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://hk-elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
http://phoeniciaphoenix.blogspot.com/
http://elie-hobeika.blogspot.com/
http://newhk.blogspot.com/
http://lebaneseresistance.blogspot.com/
http://echkelon.blogspot.com/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NO COMMENT.
Hey, you might be right that I'm speaking for a minority of Muslims, but its probably the minority that haven't been affected by American imperialism or Zionism. In Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, Afghanistan, Kuwait and a lot of the western World's Muslims.
For starters, there is no smoke without fire, hate has to stem from somewhere, in America, hate for Muslims/Arabs stems from absolute ignorance, in Israel its probably arrogance, in Europe, it could be fear.
Hate of Muslims for the west and Israel may come from ignorance about the other side and about the religion, pain, internal strife and impotence.
And to be honest, it is probably only a minority of Muslims that haven't experienced those things above. So I accept I do indeed speak for a minority which is the first time I admit it, usually I argue that there are more than a billion Muslims in the world and the majority are against everything violent.
You see, I believe that the IDF is just as much a terror organization as Al Qaeda, Hamas and the rest. Because it also benefits from young ignorant people who are injected with fear and hate from the moment they are born. From Brit Milah to military draft, they are stuffed with narrow education, traditions, culture, practices and beliefs. Media broadcasts the hate of the Arabs along with a suicide bombing and bang, they give that 1 year old hot head an m16 rifle and send them off to the “enemy”. What do you expect to happen?
The same way, Al Qaeda uses young disenfranchised Muslims and gives them something to believe in, to fight for, what better thing to fight for than GOD, the Quran? Make them believe that there's a threat and send them out. they go out and commit an act or terror, the other side retaliates, and then you have a “them and us” situation with each religion, race standing behind their respective “fighters” even though they don't agree with the war or the fight or anything else. Its human nature to identify with your own.
Furthermore, Zionism in the Torah is totally different than the Zionism of today. That is for sure. You cannot tell me that those Palestinian and Lebanese children dying was sanctioned by the Torah, that is blasphemy. If GOD wanted the Jews to return to Israel now he wouldn't have allowed it to be so bloody. I am aware that there are verses in the Torah, either that state or imply that Jews are not supposed to return to Israel before the Messiah comes. May be you could enlighten me.
As to Hariri junior, he is a boy in Lebanese politics, he doesn't know his elbow from his but. He doesn't know who to follow and on what basis. Jumblatt is playing a political game, Hariri is the new king who is controlled by his dubious advisors. Aoun is playing the same game, just on the other side. When people say is Lebanon gonna go into a civil war, I always say it will not be started from the inside, because these people want to live and to simply play politics. Its like a hobby for them, an addiction, they cant go without some drama, its the Lebanese way, a country of drama queens, much like Israel, except there its conflict against everyone else.
Inshallah, you will visit, and we’ll both have some ahweh Arabi in the Land of the Cedars, the ancient land of Phoenicia. [ Thanks for commenting ]
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General Aoun is accused of being pro-Syrian ?
Many people wonder how perceptions became so warped in Lebanon today, how a politician like General Aoun is accused of being pro-Syrian, while Walid Jumblatt, Syria's most loyal henchman during the Last 35 years, spends most of his time making death threats against Bashar Al Assad flanked by Hariri and "Geagea the Ripper". Are we going through a twilight zone of sudden role reversals? It was not too long ago by any measure, that Aoun's historic defiance of Syria was celebrated in the "Cedar Revolution" of 05 which supposedly liberated Lebanon from Syrian occupation. It was not much longer before then that Aoun lead the outnumbered (twenty to one) and outgunned Lebanese Army in a war against Syria and its allies in Lebanon, including the Lebanese Forces of Samir Geagea, the PSP of Walid Jumblatt, the Amal of Nabih Berry and a myriad of Syrian sympathizers and Palestinian extremist groups from all over the Arab world. On multiple fronts, the Lebanese Army fought and won against terrible odds while having scarce resources and support only from the Lebanese populace hiding in shelters and praying to end a war that stretched over two decades leaving their country in ruins. How is it then that Aoun's consistency is being questioned today? How is it even possible that his positions on Syria and Iran are scrutinized by those who want to cast him as an agent or a traitor to Lebanon, someone who is willing to compromise anything to obtain the presidency? Aren’t his accusers the same as those who lead countless pro-Syrian militias over two decades? How are we to believe that a man who spent his entire career fighting against the foreign enemies of Lebanon would all of a sudden make a complete turn in the opposite direction and jump in the lap of Syria and Iran? Let’s not forget our history:
Walid Jumblatt murders Sheikh Hassan Khaled :
Beginning: September 23, 1988
When Gemayel appointed Aoun as interim prime minister according to Article 53 of the Lebanese constitution, the pro-Syrian warlords of West Beirut immediately declared dissidence and established an independent self contained government lead by Salim el Hoss, strongly opposing any attempts by Aoun to establish free and legal presidential elections. At every turn, Hoss, Jumblatt, Syria and their dozen allied militias would block all propositions at establishing groundwork to perform free elections of a Lebanese president. The pro-Syrian government in west Beirut used Para-military groups to combat any attempts by Aoun at creating an environment that would allow the Lebanese people to independently vote for a president instead of having to endure one handpicked by Hafez el Assad. The pressure by these Syrian controlled mafia like armed groups lead Aoun to declare all militias in Lebanon illegal and unleash the Army to shut down their operations, starting with the seizure of the 5th basin of the Port of Beirut from the Lebanese Forces (Christian Militia) which had been under their control since the early days of the war. For the first time since 74, the legitimate government of Lebanon actively tried to control facilities and resources that had been hijacked and looted by these militias for years. On February 14th 1989 the port of Beirut was back in the hands of the legitimate government.
Aoun’s approach was to start this process of cleansing in his own backyard to avoid being cast in the traditional sectarian camps that had plagued Lebanon since the declaration of independence. In this now famous start of his mandate, Aoun had done something no one else in Lebanon had dared to do including all of the presidents and leaders from Franjiyeh to Hariri: He was finally empowering the Lebanese government and its enforcer, the Lebanese army to combat and control all that had torn the country to pieces for twenty years. Where other presidents had faltered and refused to deploy the army to stop the chaos, Aoun was trying to force all rogue elements out by order of the law and the constitution without drawing distinctions along sectarian lines. This was an act that outraged all the hardened warlords that were very well entrenched in their alliances with countless foreign governments and groups, and defied a formula that everyone had agreed on up to that point: all parties were dealing in the currency of religious strife. Syria became enraged when on 24 February 1989 Aoun ordered the closure of all illegal ports to force shipping to use the Port of Beirut and so the Syrian controlled militias refused to comply with Aoun's orders. On March 6 Aoun activated the army's ‘Marine Operations Room' and started a blockade of West Beirut militia ports. The attempt by Aoun to close illegal militia ports in Syrian parts of the country resulted in the shelling of east Beirut by pro-Syrian militias and the Syrian Army.
Aoun had dared to tackle the very essence and core of the Lebanese war conspiracy, threatening its fabric to dissipate and melt in a new order imposed by a strong national government. Syria mobilized all of its henchmen while deploying around the clock 240 mm bunker buster artillery bombings to bring the free regions of East Beirut to their knees. Lebanon had never witnessed as much destruction in all of its bloody history. But the man in Baabda did not waiver. He had launched a new challenge to Assad: “everything in now destroyed and the only thing left is you head”.
On 14th March 1989 Aoun declared the 'War of Liberation' against the Syrian Army in Lebanon. This led to a 7 month period of shelling of East Beirut by pro-Syrian militias and by Syrian forces. Aoun answered with unprecedented and daring targeting of Syrian military installations across Lebanon from Beirut to the Bekaa valley. The Syrian forces also imposed a land and sea blockade. Shipping entering ports under Lebanese Army control was fired upon by Syrian artillery based in West Beirut and the North.
Numerous attempts to defeat Aoun through repeated pro Syrian militia assaults on the Lebanese Army defending strategic town of Souq el-Gharb failed and so it was decided that a larger scale Syrian attack was required. The morning of 10th August 1989 saw extremely heavy bombardment of Souq el-Gharb which was to last for until the morning of 13th August 1989, when units of the Syrian Army, Syrian Special Forces troops, Jumblatt PSP militia, Palestinians guerrillas, and Communist Party troops launched a general assault on the town. Despite the attackers breaching the perimeter early in the battle, and Lebanese army counter attack dislodged the Syrians and their allies. During the battle Walid Jumblatt announced that Souq el-Gharb had been 'liberated from the occupation of the Lebanese Army' and called for a press conference to be held at Souq el-Gharb. Upon their arrival, the international press was surprised to see that the Lebanese Army in Souq el-Gharb had won a decisive victory in the face of overwhelming odds.
One more Paid Informant and Agent...
The Arabs Intervene: The Taef Accords
After months of intense discussions, in October 1989, the deputies informally agreed on a charter of national reconciliation, also known as the Taef agreement.
The Syrians were not willing to tolerate any resistance to their occupation. Some months earlier, in May 1989, the Grand Mufti of the Lebanese Sunni community, Hassan Khalid, who had expressed his support for Aoun, was assassinated just days after meeting with officials from Aoun's administration, the assassination was carried out by walid jumblatt who conspired with the Syrians.
The deputies returned to Lebanon in November, where they approved the Taef agreement on November 4, and elected Rene Moawad, a Maronite Christian deputy from Zghorta in north Lebanon, President on November 5. General Aoun, claiming powers as interim Prime Minister, issued a decree in early November dissolving the parliament and did not accept the ratification of the Taef agreement or the election of President Moawad.
General Aoun's main objection to it was that Syria had committed itself neither to rapid nor complete withdrawal. To the contrary, he complained, Syrian forces were to stay in place for a full two years, ostensibly "assisting the Lebanese government extend its authority." After that, Syrian forces were to be redeployed only as far as the Bekaa valley.
The Agreement gave no timetable for any further Syrian withdrawal, merely stipulating that "such withdrawals would be negotiated at the appropriate time by the governments of Lebanon and Syria." Furthermore, General Aoun charged that the political reforms were unacceptable because they simply shifted power from the office of the President to that of the Prime Minister without solving any fundamental political problems.
Walid Jumblatt, conspired with Yasser Arafat, and assassinates President-elect Rene Moawad and 20 other bystanders.
TAKE TWO...
As the days passed Moawad was becoming embarrassed with heavy handed Syrian desires to push through the accords and Syrian press even went so far as to invent aggressive anti Aoun interviews which Moawad felt obliged to disclaim. As Moawad found himself to be unable to win over army officers and men who all remained loyal to Aoun, Moawad refused to replace General Aoun with a new armed forces commander, preferring negotiation to confrontation and he would not allow the Syrians to dislodge Aoun militarily. President Moawad was assassinated on November 22, 1989, by a bomb that exploded as his motorcade was returning from Lebanese Independence Day ceremonies. 550lb (250kg) of remote controlled explosives destroyed the president's Mercedes in the heart of west Beirut. The enormous amount of explosives used, were placed over a period of some days, during "road works", within a side retaining wall on the road along which the car would pass. The explosives were detonated as the car passed the side wall. The occupants were vaporized; the rear section of the vehicle was tossed onto the roof of a local building with the front half being thrown 200 yards away into a parking lot. No "official" investigation was carried out into this murder. Walid Jumblatt, conspired with Yasser Arafat, and assassinated Rene Moawad, because jumblatt had a deep trenched animosity towards Rene Moawad for a very long time, and for the school of thought of President Moawad, [President Fouad Chehab's "deuxieme bureau"]. Walid Jumblatt has a visceral and deep trenched HATE, for anything related to the Army Intelligence and its involvement in the Political life, during President Fouad Chehab's tenure.... It's the anthisesis of the Feudal system of the Jumblatts.... So Jumblatt, who is an expert Murderer, succeeded in eliminating the newly-elect President of the Republic in 1989, and he walked away from this horrendous act, scott free.
The parliament met on November 24 in the Bekaa Valley and elected Elias Hrawi, a Maronite Christian deputy from Zahleh in the Bekaa Valley, to replace him. The results of the election were broadcast on Syrian radio ten minutes before the vote actually took place. President Hrawi named a Prime Minister, Salim al-Hoss, and a cabinet on November 25.
Despite widespread international recognition of Hrawi and his government, General Aoun refused to recognize Hrawi's legitimacy, and Hrawi officially replaced Aoun as army commander in early December. The vast majority of the Lebanese Army, however, again remained loyal to General Aoun.
The Treachery
General Aoun's attempt to break the power of the militias and his standing up to the Syrians made him extremely popular with a cross section of the Lebanese population; this was manifested by large demonstrations in his support around the Presidential Palace. Samir Geagea and the LF were now rapidly losing prestige and control of the Christian enclave. Geagea was becoming seduced by the Taef agreement which could open the way for him to receive a high government posting should he side with Hrawi and the Syrians. The LF hoped that siding with the Taef agreement would give the militia international respectability and that once Hrawi was bought into power the LF could detach him from Syria and use him as a cover to restore its domination of the enclave. The LF, in January 1990, made no secret of its option of linkage with Hrawi “if things don't work out with the general” or its derision for the “circus” of pro-Aoun demonstrations. Syria was well aware of the LF scheme and encouraged Hrawi to entice the militia.
Also in January 1990, rumors surfaced in East Beirut about alleged LF contacts with American officials and Syrian officers regarding an LF ditching of Aoun. Whether these reflected reality or disinformation, they certainly raised tensions. The daily al-Safir later quoted a reference by Christian deputies to “the capitals that were behind encouraging the LF to go into the battle with Aoun.” Only Washington and Damascus could have had this interest. By this point the LF was probably already plotting a surprise military strike to paralyze army communications to coincide with a “security plan” proposed for West Beirut in early February. On 30 January, Aoun intervened after army and LF mobilizations in a clash over LF use of school buildings in a Beirut suburb—he announced a compulsory “uniting of the rifle” in East Beirut, meaning absorption of the LF into his army brigades.
For the LF this was a declaration of war. Immediately after Aoun’s “unification of weapons” speech, the LF stormed, captured, and held the Lebanese army barracks of Amshit, Sarba, Safra, Halat and the naval base at Jounieh, spread through the urban area and secured the Ashrafieh hill, adjacent to the militia “war council”. The unthinkable had happened. The LF had gone to war against Aoun who had been concentrating his forces against Syria was not prepared for a flare up within his base area. The army had taken no precautions with regard to its scattered barracks, ammunition dumps, and other assets in the LF heartland. The big Adma base which was exposed to LF encirclement had limited ammunition and no provision had been taken for the dispersal of the helicopter fleet which was destroyed by the LF on the first day of fighting.
The final blow came on 9th April 1990 when the Lebanese Forces announced their support for Taef and their readiness to hand over the institutions under their control to the rival government in west Beirut. The fighting continued and over 900 people died and over 3,000 were wounded during these battles called the 'War of Elimination' by Samir Geagea.
The Gulf War and the Syrian-American agreement
General Aoun’s 1989 campaign against the Syrians inconvenienced the U.S. In the American outlook, Aoun distracted attention from Israeli-Palestinian issues, was trying to create complications between the West and Syria at a time when the U.S. wanted to bring Syria into its new “order,” and was behaving in a way likely to make Lebanon even more attractive to disruptive forces, particularly Shiite Islamic radicalism.
For their part, Lebanon’s Shiite militants enabled Iran to affect Middle Eastern affairs far beyond its own borders. In short, Lebanon’s Christian and Shiite communities each presented a serious challenge to U.S. policy for “stabilizing” the Middle East. The fact that Aoun and Hezbollah both represented populist upsurges left the Americans cold—this only made it more imperative that both be curbed.
Iraq’s 2 August 1990 seizure of Kuwait, the Iraqi-American confrontation, and the infusion of Western forces into the Persian Gulf transformed Middle Eastern political calculations. The U.S. now needed—or, more accurately, imagined itself as needing—the broadest possible Arab military participation, and Syria suddenly found itself the object of the most flattering Western attentions. Assad tested the winds of the world for a week or so, calculated that his Iraqi enemy was headed for catastrophe, and offered himself as a partner in the American-led coalition. By mid-August, as the daily al-Safir noted, it was obvious that “Gulf events have removed foreign barriers standing against the Hrawi government asking Syria to strike at the unnatural situation in East Beirut.”
On 28 September, the Taef regime committed its prestige and existence to a successful showdown by imposing a siege on the Aoun area, blocking food supplies to the population.
13th October 1990
In October 1990, the Syrian military supported by a few Lebanese troops loyal to Hrawi launched an attack against General Aoun. The attack came just after 7:00 a.m. on the 13th October and started with an air raid by Syrian Soukhoi fighter bombers against the Palace and the Ministry of Defense. For many years a no fly zone over the whole of Lebanon had been enforced by the Israelis preventing the Syrians from using their air force, on this day however, the Syrians were allowed to fly by the United States as reward for their joining the NATO coalition against Iraq in the Gulf crisis. Immediately before the assault, Syrian aircraft overflew the Matn to test the efficacy of American intervention with Israel.
The air attacks lasted 13 minutes after which Syrian Special Forces troops advance under massive artillery cover, LF artillery joined Syrian artillery and fired on the Lebanese Army. The French considered intervention through their fleet positioned off the Lebanese coast, but after this did not materialize, General Aoun realizes that he cannot win and at 8:45 a.m. announces his surrender from the nearby French embassy in order "to avoid even more bloodshed, limit the damage and to save what remains." The surrender is broadcast on all radio stations throughout the day as General Aoun personally contacts his field commanders to orders that they "obey the orders of the commander in chief of the Army, General Emile Lahoud." At 10:00 a.m. the Syrians enter the Palace but despite this, many units of the Lebanese Army initially refuse to surrender and heavy fighting continues, a Lebanese Army unit counter attacks Deir al-Qalaa, at Beit-Mery, and manages to oust Syrians special forces that had occupied the monastery by force at the very start of the day. The Lebanese unit finds that some of the monks in the monastery had been killed by the Syrian troops. At Douar, on the Bikfaya front, the elite commandos engaged Syrians tanks and caused heavy damage. On the hill of the Prince, at Souk al-Gharb, the cadets of the military Academy, assisted by regulars of the 10th Brigade put up a very hard fight. In Suq al-Gharb itself, Aoun’s Lebanese army units, with only a fraction of their pre-February 1990 hardware, killed about 400 Syrians before the front was overrun. The Lebanese Army headquarters at Yarze even refused to give the ceasefire order finally announcing it 12:30 p.m. It was fortunate that Aoun had managed to directly speak to many of his units and so prevent much bloodshed.
Estimates of Syrian losses ranged from 160 to 450 in the battle that followed and it seems that the 102nd fought on until their ammunition ran out refusing to let Dahr el-Wahesh, which overlooks the Palace, fall into Syrian hands. Later that afternoon some 80 bodies of soldiers of the 102nd would be brought to a Baabda mortuary, most had their hands tied behind their backs and had been shot in the back of the head, some had been stripped down to their underpants before being executed. The Syrians executed one of the officers, Emile Boutros, by forcing him to lie down on the road and then driving a tank over him. At least 15 civilians were executed by Syrian soldiers in Bsous after having been rounded up from their homes, and another 19 people, including three women, were reported to have been killed in cold blood in al-Hadath. Around the Presidential Palace another 51 Lebanese Army soldiers were stripped and executed.
For anyone, foreign or within to disregard the history of our struggle and the tenacity of our beliefs in our freedom is laughable. History is recorded, and Aoun’s consistency is proven. At any one of these turns, he could have capitulated and received the presidential chair and avoided great hardship to himself, his loved ones and his extended family: Lebanon. I once heard: “It’s an honor for Lebanon and for the people of Lebanon that a General wearing a military uniform was to stand, and tell the whole world, that life without freedom is a form of death...While the world disregards men in uniform”
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A qui profitent les crimes ?
On a tue deux innocents, encore deux. Ils sont sunnites cette fois-ci. Juste apres leurs meurtres, les machines de propagande, de fausses nouvelles, de medisances et de calomnies se sont mises en marche. Heureusement, meme nos politiciens, qui se sont si longtemps laisses manipuler, ont vu le danger : on cherche a ramener les guerres confessionnelles au Liban. A qui cela profiterait-il ? Le doigt se pointe rapidement vers Israel et ses allies.
Que veut Israel ? Il veut se debarrasser d'un pays voisin dont la vie, par elle-meme, est un danger existentiel pour un Etat qui se veut "pur", car base sur une promesse divine qui lui permettrait tous les crimes : La promesse lui a donne toute la terre de Palestine et il veut y etre seul. Pour cela, il doit renvoyer les Palestiniens de leurs maisons et de leurs terres et empecher ceux qu'il a deja chasses de revenir chez eux, pour les remplacer par les colons israeliens. Il doit donc montrer qu'il est impossible de partager, avec les musulmans, un meme Etat, une meme nation.
Or, le Liban est le dementi vivant qu'Israel veut detruire, pour justement prouver que le modele libanais est impossible et pour pouvoir y implanter les Palestiniens, qui y auront une patrie de rechange. Or, le Liban a prevu, dans sa constitution meme, le refus de leur implantation sur ses terres, se basant sur le droit des Palestiniens au retour dans leurs foyers, suivant la resolution 194 des Nations Unies. Il est donc necessaire de detruire le Liban.
Cela a commence, il y a plus de trente ans.
Le premier essai de destruction du Liban a debute en 1975 et son objectif etait la decheance de l'Etat libanais, en eliminant surtout le pouvoir chretien, car les chretiens ont l'appui des populations occidentales, a defaut de celui de leurs gouvernements. Il fallait donc, non seulement, eliminer le pouvoir chretien, mais encore provoquer un exode force des chretiens, par la main de leurs concitoyens musulmans, pour pouvoir ensuite accuser ces derniers de ce crime de "purification ethnique" et ainsi les "punir" en donnant a Israel le Sud du Liban, jusqu'au fleuve Litani, ainsi que les sources qui alimentent en eau l'Etat hebreu.
Les Americains, diriges par Henri Kissinger, ne pouvaient qu'approuver un plan de guerres confessionnelles aux frontieres Sud de l'Empire sovietique athee(1). Ces guerres auraient pour but d'affaiblir cet empire (elles finirent d'ailleurs par le demanteler). Ils aiderent donc a provoquer les dissensions entre citoyens d'un meme pays, dissensions excitees par une presence palestinienne armee et virulente, menant des attaques en territoire israelien et entrainant des ripostes israeliennes de plus en plus meurtrieres sur la population libanaise.
Les assassinats et les enlevements.
Ils ont toujours fait partie des tentatives de division entre les differentes confessions libanaises. Ils ont reussi a declencher les guerres intestines en 1975 et ensuite a alimenter les haines entre les differentes confessions. A chaque fois que les Libanais etaient prets a s'entendre, un nouvel assassinat ou enlevement etait execute.
Taef et Hariri (1990-2005).
Tout cela se poursuivit jusqu'a la premiere attaque americaine contre l'Irak. Les Americains s'installerent pour de bon en Arabie saoudite et penserent qu'il etait temps de creer leur premier "nouveau Moyen-Orient". Ils planifierent avec l'Arabie saoudite et leur nouvelle alliee la Syrie, la conference de Taef, qui devait consacrer, au Liban, la decheance de l'ancien pouvoir maronite et son remplacement par un pouvoir sunnite, assujetti aux Saoudiens, lequel, sous la direction du Premier Ministre, Rafic Hariri, sujet saoudien, devait consacrer, dans les faits, l'implantation des Palestiniens au Liban. Implantation que les chretiens, craignant un desequilibre demographique en faveur des sunnites, ne pouvaient pas accepter. Ils devaient donc etre dechus de leurs droits politiques, entrainant leur "purification ethnique" par la maniere douce de l'emigration. Rien de mieux pour cela que l'utilisation du nouvel allie syrien, qui s'etait range astucieusement au cote des Americains durant leur premiere attaque contre l'Irak.
AGENT appointé
Ce fut ce qui fut fait. Hariri devint Premier Ministre et dirigea le Liban, durant tout le mandat du president Hraoui, appuye en cela par le Vice-President syrien Abdel Halim Khaddam et le general Ghazi Kanaan. Le plan d'implantation semblait simple : Le gouvernement libanais s'endettait, pour la reconstruction du Centre Ville, aux banques libanaises, achetees deja par les richards du Golfe, dont Rafic Hariri et Cheikh Khaled Ben Mahfouz etaient les principaux proprietaires (ce dernier a ete accuse par le Tresor americain de financer le terrorisme sunnite). L'argent emprunte servait a reconstruire le centre de Beyrouth que le Premier Ministre Rafic Hariri avait deja "donne" legalement aux actionnaires arabes de la societe Solidere dont il etait le dirigeant. Il enlevait ainsi a l'Etat qu'il dirigeait, pour donner, en interets, a ses propres banques et, a ses societes, en terrains, adjudications et frais de reconstruction, tandis que ses allies et protecteurs libanais, arabes et etrangers, recevaient des commissions juteuses, tout cela aux frais de l'Etat et du contribuable libanais.
L'Etat libanais se trouva ainsi endette de plus de 45 milliards de dollars. Il ne restait plus qu'a offrir aux Libanais de les leur pardonner contre l'implantation des Palestiniens. Malheureusement pour les promoteurs de ce plan, rien ne se fit comme prevu. Les protecteurs syriens, Abdel Halim Khaddam et Ghazi Kanaan, perdirent leurs pouvoir en Syrie en 2004. Le general Emile Lahoud a remplace M. Hraoui, a la presidence de la republique, et protegeait le Hezbollah, ce dernier appuyant les chretiens et les Palestiniens dans leur refus de l'implantation et leur exigence de l'application de la resolution 194. Syrie, Lahoud et Hezbollah se trouvaient donc allies objectifs et il fallait les eliminer.
La resolution 1559 du conseil de securite(2) et ses consequences.
Americains et francais penserent donc appuyer Hariri en concoctant la resolution 1559 du Conseil de Securite. Hariri fut le premier a ne pas l'appliquer en faisant elire, sur ordre des Syriens, le president Emile Lahoud pour un nouveau mandat. On revint donc aux vieilles recettes : les assassinats pour diviser les Libanais. Mais cette fois-ci, il fallait un grand coup et M. Rafic Hariri, devenu peu credible, fut assassine. Le crime profita surtout aux ennemis de la Syrie et du gouvernement libanais et fit arriver au pouvoir au Liban l'equipe Siniora, dirigee par le fils de Rafic Hariri, lui aussi sujet saoudien et protege du President Chirac.
Cette equipe ne put rien faire de mieux que de poursuivre l'endettement du Liban. Quant a l'implantation des Palestiniens ou la paix avec Israel... Rien de rien. C'est a penser que les planificateurs occidentaux continuent a s'enferrer dans leurs propres pieges : Ils pensaient qu'avec l'occupation de l'Afghanistan et de l'Irak, ils affaibliraient la Russie, encercleraient l'Iran et controleraient le Moyen-Orient et ses petroles, ils se sont trouves encercles et combattus par les integristes, tandis que leurs troupes sont a leur merci. Ils pensaient qu'avec l'attaque sur le Liban, ils elimineraient le Hezbollah et forceraient les Libanais a accepter le gouvernement actuel, ils se trouvent maintenant dans une situation ou les gouvernements israelien et libanais sont aux abois (3). Les consequences de la defaite israelienne sont encore plus dangereuses, pour eux, que cette defaite elle-meme. Il fallait trouver une autre strategie et nos intelligents strateges n'ont rien trouve de mieux que de revenir a la vieille recette de la guerre confessionnelle libanaise pour arriver a se debarrasser du Hezbollah.
Cela expliquerait-il les assassinats des jeunes Ziad Ghandour et Ziad Kabalan ? Les reactions de nos politiciens nous portent a le penser. Eux qui n'arretaient pas de s'etriper, sous n'importe quelle excuse, ont appele le peuple a la sagesse et a garder l'unite nationale.
Esperons que le meurtre des deux innocents leur fera enfin comprendre que les promesses des grands ne sont que pour leurs interets propres et meme pas pour ceux de leurs pays respectifs.
Les dernieres nouvelles de France nous montrent bien que l'amitie portee aux Hariri par un certain grand personnage n'etait pas denuee d'interet personnel. Quand a l'amitie du gouvernement americain, il y a longtemps qu'il a odeur de petrole. Je ne parlerai pas de l'interet saoudien. Peut-etre chercheraient-ils une patrie de rechange au Liban, pour le cas ou ?...
En effet, les dernieres nouvelles montrent bien que le Royaume saoudite est pris, entre sa religion wahhabite integriste virulente, une population fanatisee, des princes et des cheikhs, dont beaucoup financent les "oeuvres charitables" du monde entier ainsi que le terrorisme integriste d'Al Quaeda, des chiites majoritaires dans les regions petrolieres, et une monarchie apeuree par la montee en puissance de l'Iran et se jetant dans les bras des Americains pour survivre.
Alors, le Liban serait-il la patrie de rechange envisagee ? Garderait-il alors ses libertes ou profiterait-il d'une monarchie "eclairee" a la saoudienne ?
Tout ceci devrait faire reflechir les Libanais et surtout leurs chefs, pour que nous ne soyons pas de nouveau les anes de la fable. Est-il si difficile de s'entendre sur un gouvernement d'union nationale et de donner par de nouvelles elections legislatives la voix au peuple ? Faut-il toujours que certains veuillent garder tout le gateau pour eux ?
Ne devraient-ils pas etudier les propositions tres sages et tres democratiques du general Aoun ? Malheur a ceux qui ne profitent pas des occasions que l'Histoire leur offre, car elle ne repasse jamais les plats deux fois et, en ne voulant pas partager, ils risquent de ne plus avoir ni pays, ni pouvoir, ni democratie, ni libertes.
(1) Roger AKL, sous le pseudonyme de Jeremie Jonas, Cri d'un Chretien d'Orient, editions Sigest, 29 rue Etienne Dolet, Alfortville, France, 2007. Courriel : editions@sigest.net
(2) Roger AKL, Le Mensonge Global, editions Sigest, Alfortville, France, 2007...
Sanioura is the Gutters of CIA
(3)John Bolton a affirme a la television Al Jazeera, samedi 28 Avril 2007, que les buts americains de la guerre de juillet etaient de renforcer le gouvernement libanais. "C'etait ce que nous esperions de cette guerre et cela ne s'est pas realise, malheureusement pour les Libanais", a-t-il affirme. Ce qui est un aveu que les Americains avaient planifie cette guerre avec les Israeliens. Quant au gouvernement libanais, ce compliment de Bolton equivaut a une accusation....
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After September 11, 2002, the United States as global peacekeeper has become untenable: morally, financially, and politically. Washington is not an impartial arbiter and enforcer of global peace and security. It is a globocop (police of the world) but a selective one. No longer does it maintain the pretension of being willing to "bear any burden" or "pay any price", but instead has become highly selective about where and when it intervenes. Evaluations of U.S. national interests and the potential for U.S. casualties are primary considerations. Don't count on the globocop to stop genocide in a backwater state like Rwanda, where U.S. interests are few.
As the U.S. government finds itself overextended and despised in world opinion for its superpower hubris, America's post-World War II commitment to multilateralism in the cause of world peace are being revisited. Paying its UN dues and respecting the UN process are Washington's required first steps. But positive (consulting international institutions) leadership will be needed to meet the multiple challenges of global peace and security.
On a regional level, Washington itself must encourage the transition away from U.S. dominance by encouraging European Union governments in their new efforts to forge a common foreign policy and collective security routine, by either abolishing NATO or looking eastward to include Russia, and by promoting the establishment of an Asian common security agreement that would include both Japan and China. Globally, the challenge is to use U.S. influence to jump-start structural reform at the UN, sorely needed to make it a more credible and effective institution. In other words, U.S. leadership is required to help establish the processes and methods that will diminish its central role in global governance and make room for a multipolar world-one in which U.S. leadership is valued more for its wisdom than feared for its raw power.
Closely related to collective security governance is respect for international norms like human rights. No other country is as outspoken about civil liberties and democracy as the United States. The State Department's annual human rights reports offer regular and often harsh criticism of abusive practices around the world, and the president and other administration officials routinely scold other heads of state for human rights abuses at summits and regional forums. However, at the same time, no other nation is more responsible than the USA for the failure of the international community to establish respect for civil liberties as a fundamental norm. After a half century, the U.S. still has not ratified one of the two Geneva human rights accords, and recently Washington has sought to undermine accords banning land mines, prohibiting the use of child soldiers, and establishing an international criminal court. Rather than being an operative principle of U.S. foreign policy, advancing human rights is part of the U.S. foreign policy toolbox, increasingly used during the past two decades, although only selectively and rarely against countries regarded to be strategically or economically important. The credibility of U.S. human rights policy is further undermined by U.S. unwillingness to subject itself to scrutiny of its own practices.
Although an institutional framework is critical to global governance-whether economic, political, or military-the widespread acceptance of international norms such as basic human rights and core labor rights is also a fundamental component. Rather than obstructing attempts to strengthen international norms and insisting on U.S. exceptionalism, the United States should recognize that its broader national interests would be well-served by efforts to extend these dimensions of global governance.
A critical component of the U.S. leadership challenge is to build public support for global governance. In part, this will mean giving up some U.S. control over these institutions and encouraging a new leadership role for major powers like Japan and Germany as well as Southern nations. It is likely, however, that the United States will get more than it gives in any expansion of global governance. Given its pervasive economic interests and increasing dependence on international transactions, the United States stands to benefit from the kind of global governance that keeps national economies afloat in times of crisis, encourages sustainable development, fosters equitable economic growth in the South, and keeps trade disputes from degenerating into destructive protectionism or conflict. Similarly, regional collective security arrangements-together with a more effective UN peacekeeping capacity-would free the U.S. government (and its taxpayers) to shift budget priorities from military obligations to programs that meet domestic needs and promote the general welfare of the global community.
The U.S. as propagated by inner circles in Washington should also be acting globally to advance international environmental norms and to help less privileged nations meet those norms. But the key role the U.S. government and its citizens can play is to alter America's unsustainable patterns of consumption-and in that process to advance the development of environmental technology and more sustainable systems of production.
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright has more than once said: the United States is the "indispensable nation". Although the broad political, economic, and environmental context is much the same the world over, America, according to Albright, is the only country with the power and influence to shape the course of global affairs. No other country or grouping of nations has emerged to assume the kind of global leadership routinely practiced by the United States. In the last decade, America has used its superpower status to extend its economic and military dominance and has repeatedly demonstrated its willingness to use this power unilaterally to meet perceived threats to its hegemony.
To a large degree, how the U.S. government defines its "national interests" and regards its "national security" determines the way it exercises its leadership. Thus far it has opted for a narrow definition of national interests and a broad definition of national security. Increasingly, the United States regards its national interests as the economic interests of corporate America: what's good for U.S.-based global corporations is good for America. More difficult to define is the current concept of national security; although it clearly extends far beyond the U.S. government's sovereign right to defend national borders. During the cold war the United States defined national security largely in terms of containing communism and fortifying the "free world".
The collapse of the Soviet Union did not result in any downsizing of national security doctrine; on the contrary, U.S. national security was globalized. Today, the major components of U.S. national security include the right to maintain overwhelming U.S. military superiority, to intervene decisively throughout the world, and to identify and target threats to global stability. William D. Hartung of the World Policy Institute concludes that the United States seeks to "retain the capability to serve as a sort of 'globocop', charging to the rescue to restore order, stability, and 'free markets' when they are threatened by the forces of evil and chaos".
Washington has taken advantage of the unipolar conditions of the first post-cold war decade to assert and extend its dominance rather than to support the institutions and international relations necessary to decrease dependence on U.S. might. Charles W. Maynes of the Eurasia Foundation calls this "negative leadership". He argues that because the United States currently enjoys such a surplus of power, "it is now possible for Washington to have a very ambitious foreign policy and still remain unilateral in its approach toward the outside world. The United States is perhaps now the only country in the world that can, to a very significant measure, get its way internationally if it is absolutely determined to bend others to its will". In the process, Washington has dashed the near-term prospects for building a world order distinguished by multilateralism and compromise. As a result, most other nations have come to resent and distrust U.S. leadership.
The Pentagon is developing plans to provide News items, possibly even false ones, to foreign media organizations as part of a new effort to influence public sentiment and policy makers in both friendly and unfriendly countries, military officials said. The plans, which have not received final approval from the Bush administration, have stirred opposition among some Pentagon officials who say they might undermine the credibility of information that is openly distributed by the Defense Department's public affairs officers.
The military has long engaged in information warfare against hostile nations. For instance, by dropping leaflets and broadcasting messages into Afghanistan when it was still under Taliban rule. But it recently created the Office of Strategic Influence, which is proposing to broaden that mission into allied nations in the Middle East, Asia and even Western Europe. The office would assume a role traditionally led by civilian agencies, mainly the State Department.
The small but well-financed Pentagon office, which was established shortly after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, was a response to concerns in the administration that the United States was losing public support overseas for its war on terrorism, particularly in Islamic countries.
As part of the effort to counter the pronouncements of the Taliban, Osama bin Laden and their supporters, the State Department has already hired a former advertising executive to run its public diplomacy office, and the White House has created a public information "war room" to coordinate the administration's daily message domestically and abroad. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, while broadly supportive of the new office, has not approved its specific proposals and has asked the Pentagon's top lawyer, William J. Haynes, to review them, senior Pentagon officials said.
Little information is available about the Office of Strategic Influence, and even many senior Pentagon officials and Congressional military aides say they know almost nothing about its purpose and plans. Its multimillion-dollar budget, drawn from a $10 billion emergency supplement to the Pentagon budget authorized by Congress in October, has not been disclosed.
Headed by Brig. Gen. Simon P. Worden of the Air Force, the new office has begun circulating classified proposals calling for aggressive campaigns that use not only the foreign media and the Internet, but also covert operations. The new office "rolls up all the instruments within D.O.D. to influence foreign audiences", its assistant for operations, Thomas A. Timmes, a former Army colonel and psychological operations officer, said at a recent conference, referring to the Department of Defense. "D.O.D. has not traditionally done these things".
One of the office's proposals calls for planting news items with foreign media organizations through outside concerns that might not have obvious ties to the Pentagon, officials familiar with the proposal said. General Worden envisions a broad mission ranging from "black" campaigns that use disinformation and other covert activities to "white" public affairs that rely on truthful news releases, Pentagon officials said. "It goes from the blackest of black programs to the whitest of white", a senior Pentagon official said.
Another proposal involves sending journalists, civic leaders and foreign leaders e-mail messages that promote American views or attack unfriendly governments, officials said. Asked if such e-mail would be identified as coming from the American military, a senior Pentagon official said that "the return address will probably be a dot-com, not a dot- mil", a reference to the military's Internet designation.
To help the new office, the Pentagon has hired the Rendon Group, a Washington-based international consulting firm run by John W. Rendon Jr., a former campaign aide to President Jimmy Carter. The firm, which is being paid about $100,000 a month, has done extensive work for the Central Intelligence Agency, the Kuwaiti royal family and the Iraqi National Congress, the opposition group seeking to oust President Saddam Hussein.
Officials at the Rendon Group say terms of their contract forbid them to talk about their Pentagon work. But the firm is well known for running propaganda campaigns in Arab countries, including one denouncing atrocities by Iraq during its 1990 invasion of Kuwait. The firm has been hired, as the Bush administration appears to have united around the goal of ousting Mr. Hussein. "Saddam Hussein has a charm offensive going on, and we haven't done anything to counteract it", a senior military official said.
Proponents say the new Pentagon office will bring much-needed coordination to the military's efforts to influence views of the United States overseas, particularly as Washington broadens the war on terrorism beyond Afghanistan. But the new office has also stirred a sharp debate in the Pentagon, where several senior officials have questioned whether its mission is too broad and possibly even illegal.
Those critics say they are disturbed that a single office might be authorized to use not only covert operations like computer network attacks, psychological activities and deception, but also the instruments and staff of the military's globe- spanning public affairs apparatus. Mingling the more surreptitious activities with the work of traditional public affairs would undermine the Pentagon's credibility with the media, the public and governments around the world, critics argue.
"This breaks down the boundaries almost completely", a senior Pentagon official said. Moreover, critics say, disinformation planted in foreign media organizations, like Reuters or Agence France-Presse, could end up being published or broadcast by American news organizations. Law from propaganda activities in the United States bars the Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agency. In the mid-1970's, it was disclosed that some C.I.A. programs to plant false information in the foreign press had resulted in articles published by American news organizations.
Critics of the new Pentagon office also argue that governments allied with the United States are likely to object strongly to any attempts by the American military to influence media within their borders. "Everybody understands using information operations to go after nonfriend lies", another senior Pentagon official said. "When people get uncomfortable is when people use the same tools and tactics on friend lies".
Victoria Clarke, the assistant secretary of defense for public information, declined to discuss details of the new office. But she acknowledged that the Pentagon was carefully reviewing its mission. "Clearly the U.S. needs to be as effective as possible in all our communications", she said. "What we're trying to do now is make clear the distinction and appropriateness of who does what".
General Worden, an astrophysicist who has specialized in space operations in his 27-year Air Force career, did not respond to several requests for an interview. General Worden has close ties to his new boss, Douglas J. Feith, the under secretary of defense for policy, that date back to the Reagan administration, military officials said. The general's staff of about 15 people reports to the office of the assistant secretary of defense for special operations and low-intensity conflict, which is under Mr. Feith.
The Office for Strategic Influence also coordinates its work with the White House's new counterterrorism office, run by Wayne A. Downing, a retired general who was head of the Special Operations command, which oversees the military's covert information operations. Many administration officials worried that the United States was losing support in the Islamic world after American warplanes began bombing Afghanistan in October. Those concerns spurred the creation of the Office of Strategic Influence.
In an interview in November, Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, explained the Pentagon's desire to broaden its efforts to influence foreign audiences, saying: "Perhaps the most challenging piece of this is putting together what we call a strategic influence campaign quickly and with the right emphasis. That's everything from psychological operations to the public affairs piece to coordinating partners in this effort with us".
One of the military units assigned to carry out the policies of the Office of Strategic Influence is the Army's Psychological Operations Command. The command was involved in dropping millions of fliers and broadcasting scores of radio programs into Afghanistan encouraging Taliban and Al Qaeda soldiers to surrender.
In the 1980's, Army "psyop" units, as they are known, broadcast radio and television programs into Nicaragua intended to undermine the Sandinista government. In the 1990's, they tried to encourage public support for American peacekeeping missions in the Balkans. The Office of Strategic Influence will also oversee private companies that will be hired to help develop information programs and evaluate their effectiveness using the same techniques as American political campaigns, including scientific polling and focus groups, officials said. "O.S.I. still thinks the way to go is start a Defense Department Voice of America", a senior military official said. "When I get their briefings, it's scary".
If U.S. policymakers and citizens are to establish a more responsible U.S. global leadership, sometimes referred to as a more "benevolent hegemony", the first step is a major overhaul of the current working definitions of U.S. national interests and U.S. national security. Fortunately, there is a vibrant debate among activists and scholars outside the hidebound foreign policy establishment about what U.S. national interests truly are and what national security should rightly mean. In addressing such issues as the need for more effective global governance, an expanded role for nongovernmental voices in foreign policy, and the prevention of ecological collapse, citizen groups are charting the path toward a new global affairs agenda.
Since inception, the International Relations discipline has revolved around the concept and activity of conflict and war. Conflicts that lead to war had assumed the dual role of human generation and degeneration, in the sense that it had posed a firm reason for survival for polities whilst acting as an annihilating force to other polities. It is this specific dichotomy in the nature of war that made it focal to the study of human existence in the international sphere.
In addressing the issue of war in the twenty first century. Whether the new form of war invoked after the eleventh of September complies with the characteristics of postmodern war is at a prime time for analysis. How does the concept of asymmetric war and terrorism fit within the paradigm of postmodern war, and how can we classify one form of attack from another. The September 11th attacks on the United States and the subsequent war on terrorism are marked points in the history to come for analysis of the new types of wars and to highlight their postmodernist character.
Recent debates on the nature and aims of war in the twenty first century have presented varying definitions and classifications, which overlap and pose a problematique to any scholar who aims to disentangle the web of opinions and stances. A situation only characteristic of the twenty first century and an added proof to the postulations of postmodernism that render everything relative.
A host of questions are raised in this context: Why war in the twenty first century and what form does it take? How does asymmetric war differ from classic war? What happened to just war theory under the new form of postmodern war? And when is war legitimate? What differs terrorism and fundamentalism/extremism from war? Does geopolitics still apply? Does deterrence work in asymmetric conflict? What is the role of ideology in asymmetric conflict? How do we determine the outcome of asymmetric war? And finally the greatest postmodern challenge to classic war theory: is war politics or is politics war?
Classic and Postmodern War
Three categories of classic war can be identified: Ritual war, which was primitive, heroic and unorganized, Ancient War which came about with mechanization and took the form of organized warfare described by Sun Tzu, and Modern War, which has three characteristics: applying rationality to war instead of tradition, the development of an administrative bureaucracy, and the systemic application of science and technology. Machiavelli is the first theorist of modern war who advocated conscription, and Clausewitz's definition of war as "nothing but the continuation of policy by other means" and his destructive principle of warfare, came to form the foundations of modern war theory that purported that politics is war.
The three categories described above will be referred to as classic war and contemporary war will be identified as postmodern war. Classic War was based on the principles of totality and the trinity of the state, army and the people. We now live in a world of "posts", post structuralist, post perspectivalist, post positivist, post military and post modern.
The major difference between classic and postmodern war begins with the causes of war. While humanity strived over the centuries to limit war and end its usefulness, Clausewitz idea that war has a life of its own has defied the efforts of the modern world to end war. As more limits were being applied to the legitimate causes of war and to the use of violence in settling disputes, and efforts to place legal frameworks for conflict settlement, a new epoch of war emerged, where as peace prevailed interstate relations, civil wars and guerilla warfare became the norm of the past decade. Legal stipulations have failed to stop war and as the world changed more reasons to ignite wars were created by the changing nature itself. And ironically, asymmetry in power has become a cause of war and not a deterrent for the weak not to attack the strong.
Classic wars were largely about territory and struggles for resources; and security revolved around the defense of borders against external attack. In the postmodern discourse, wars are over ideas and borders became demarcations of violence. Classic War was total and absolute, that progressed slowly towards the concept of limited war since 1945. Postmodern war signifies the decline of moderation based on the pretext of precision technology, despite the propositions of surgical and targeted operations; postmodern weaponry is becoming more lethal.
No consensus has been reached yet over a definition of postmodernism, but common qualities of post modernity across disciplines are identified as:
1. Information
2. Knowledge
3. Metarules
4. Speed
5. Human-machine culture
Accordingly, a postmodern war structure is based on the premises of techno science and its advances in presenting the Cyborg soldier, weapon systems that control battles and offer unsurpassed limits of speed, lethality and scope. The characteristics of postmodern war have ranged from cyber war and info war to simulative war. But the most important characteristic is the transformation of the basic foundation of war, where no longer was war just confined to the battlefield but expanded to encompass the economic and social realms, thus war became politics, whereby the only moral justification for war is peace. This process came to be known as the militarization of politics and the politicization of war.
All of this in fact enacted the revolution in military affairs, although it did not develop into a real revolution in warfare. The non-genocidal character of postmodern war based on the presumptions that air power as a cost free way to fulfill military objectives without human damage, proved wrong as in effect air bombardments, as seen in Iraq, and Kosovo have in effect caused mass destruction and collateral long term damage that reaped more lives than the actual battle. As Kaldor puts it, postmodern war carries the logic of exterminism and the new war economy can be seen as an extreme form of globalization.
Postmodern wars are characterized by a multiplicity of types of fighting units both state and non-state. The economy and society become a part of the battlefield, so despite claims of non-military wars, the truth is that the demarcation of the boundaries between civil and military is being depleted, thus rendering the consequences of war more threatening.
Asymmetric war
In the book Asymmetric Conflicts: War initiation by Weaker Powers, TV Paul presents an elaborate analysis of the conditions of asymmetric war and conducts four case studies on interstate asymmetric wars. The study focuses on interstate asymmetric conflicts, and the probabilities for war between a stronger and a weaker state. But if asymmetric wars should be understood within the framework of globalization and the postmodern conditions for war, then it is non-state actors and paramilitary groups that are the target of study. Asymmetric conflicts in this regard acquire a different perspective that has to account for overlaps with the concept of terrorism, because it is usually the definition attributed to non-state actors resorting to violence.
Asymmetric Conflict is defined as "a conflict involving two states with unequal overall military and economic power and resources". The waging of war where there is an asymmetric relationship between the adversaries is based on the assumptions that decision making is based on rationality, but what is rationality, it is a relative concept in itself, thus the rational choice model does not offer an aid to an analysis of ideological asymmetric wars, as the "willingness to suffer" signified by Rosen by the weaker side undermines the presumption of rationality. The second assumption is that the internal motives contribute to decision-making and the group character. This is especially true in the case of terrorism.
Paul further identifies four conditions for asymmetric conflict:
1- Presence of a serious conflict of interests.
2- Weaker side values issues higher
3- Weaker side is dissatisfied with the status quo
4- Weaker side fears deterioration
Paul identifies three strategies of asymmetric war: attrition/maneuver, blitzkrieg, limited aims/fait accompli. In the case of non-state actors, the adoption of a fait accompli strategy is most probable based on the assumption that it would attain the weaker state's objectives. The decision maker is induced to attack out of fear that such a strategy would fail to produce successful outcomes with the passage of time. This corresponds to the question of timing, which puts the weaker power in the position of choosing "Now or never". Time pressure is the determinant factor of the four variables affecting the weaker side's decision to go to war.
Liddell Hart suggests that a fait accompli strategy does not seek to overthrow the enemy's military power. This is adopted when the weaker side does not have the necessary superiority to attain such a goal. What determines the decision of the weaker party to initiate war? Four variables to the initiator: politico-military strategy, fluctuation in short term offensive capability, great power defensive support, changes in decision-making structure. The importance lies in linking the domestic and political factors that can lead to such a decision. This goes beyond the standard state centric approach to the explanation of war.
The overemphasis on weapons of mass destruction is another misguiding premise in the debate over war. In asymmetric wars damage is the issue and not the type of weapon because the objective is disproportionate power, as demonstrated in the September 11th attacks on the United States. As demonstrated later in the discussion of deterrence asymmetric war presents a challenge to the idea of peace through strength and that military power will prevent war. Asymmetric wars aim at changing the prevalent political situation more than achieving military victory.
Asymmetric war operates according to the rules of "Alternative Intelligence", whereby the oppressed have to employ creative methods to penetrate the present status quo with all its might.
Terrorism and war
The fine line between terrorism and war can only be discerned through the application of definitions and conducting a comparison between them. Terrorism by nature is difficult to define and the international community has not been able to agree on a common definition. But the famous saying that "one man's terrorist is another's freedom fighter" is the most obvious inherent dichotomy in the nature of terrorism. There is a fine line that differs terrorism from war. Some definitions of terrorism such as the one presented by Brian Jenkins blur that line, for if terrorism is broadly defined as "the use or threatened use of force designed to bring about political change", as it is broadly adopted then the rights of liberation movements and all of the oppressed people's of the world is sabotaged and their right of self determination is forever confiscated.
As Haig Khatchadourian asserts in his book the morality of terrorism, the term is used as a "political psychological weapon against the perpetrators and their avowed causes". He further demonstrates how all the definitions presented for the term are normative and do not fit the criteria of neutrality and non-evaluation. Terrorism is defined by as former president Bush I task force on combating terrorism as "the threatened or actual use of force or violence to attain a political goal through fear, coercion or intimidation". However, Haig presents five important aspects that an explanation of terrorism should include.
1- The historical and cultural root causes of its prevalence
2- The immediate and long range goals
3- The forms and methods of force used
4- The kinds of institutions or political systems practicing terrorism
5- The social, political and economic or military context in which terrorism occurs.
This is an important insight that should be adopted in explaining terrorism. The security mentality has proved that it is not effective enough in eradicating terrorist attacks. Therefore it is vital to adopt a more comprehensive framework that offers viable methods to deal with terrorism.
Just war theory
Just war is determined by two traditional conditions: the just cause of war (jus ad bellum) and the just means of war (jus in bello). The first relates to a principle that changes over time. During the middle ages a just cause had a different meaning from what it came to mean during the first and second world wars, and has changed since to be confined to reasons of self defense and the controversial principle of humanitarian intervention. The second condition of the just means of war involves the principles of non-combatant immunity and the proportionate destruction to the military objectives.
Most types of terrorism violate these conditions. Yet, some types of terrorism may satisfy these conditions, if the just cause is interpreted to mean " a broadly justifiable cause or the presence of the right intentions" as for example in national liberation movements. The interpretation of just war theory represents the fine line that distinguishes acts of terrorism from legitimate acts of war. A task further complicated by the problem of rationalization, i.e. giving good reasons for bad actions. For even terrorists rationalize their actions to be just based on the principle of necessity and the unavailability of alternatives.
Just War theory has become controversial in its correct application even in traditional wars. As for example in the NATO-US led war over Kosovo and in the 1991 Iraq War. The case for proportional destruction was not honored in the extensive air campaigns. If this is the case, then many questions are raised around its orthodox application in cases of asymmetric conflicts that are classified as terrorism.
Ideology and asymmetric war
Debates since the end of the cold war have declared the death of ideology, yet this has been disproved by the continual appearance of ideological movements and groups worldwide. This was a formulation that only contributed to the euphoria of the capitalist world as a result of the demise of communism in the soviet bloc. But theorists have overlooked the fact that communism is not the only ideology. And nationalism condemned for the sake of globalism is only the ideal purported by the west that have culminated the fortification of their nations, yet those nations that are proceeding in the steps of nation building still hold on to the idea of nationalism and all its ideological connotations. Moreover, the role of religious ideologies was diminished to inconsequential importance.
Actually, in the new global order, it is only ideology that is capable of attempting to defy the status quo. For it is only those ideologically charged who do not acknowledge the realism of power parity and who are accordingly not dissuaded by threats of attrition and revenge. Ideology is the only source capable of igniting an asymmetric war in a world operating according to the rules of the strongest on the basis of technology and scientific innovation.
Ideology is "a pattern of beliefs and concepts which purport to explain complex social phenomena with a view to directing and simplifying their socio-political choices." An analysis of the ideological basis of forces involved in asymmetric conflicts focuses on the motivations and interpretation of the causes of war, because in the postmodern world and its conspicuous identity politics, war is largely determined by ideological imperatives and not the contrary.
The absence of questioning motivation from the debate on terrorism is remarkable. Depictions of evil are not ample for an explanation of the existence and increase of terrorist attacks. The guidelines of the discourse against terrorism, are based on dehumanizing the enemy as demonstrated in the following excerpt:
Everyone knows, yet too many forget, that it is foolish to negotiate with terrorists - that giving in to terrorist blackmail leads only to greater violence. That, after all, is what happened at the World Trade Center. A series of U.S. retreats in the face of terrorist attacks on our embassies, ships, and military barracks emboldened the terrorists to believe that a massive domestic assault on the United States would drive us out of the Middle East altogether. So even if the recent attacks were inspired by our foreign policy, how would changing that policy under terrorist pressure leave us any better off? Wouldn't such a retreat simply be inviting terrorists everywhere to manipulate our foreign policy through a series of nightmarish domestic attacks?
Power Parity and Deterrence
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Syria signals little cooperation with Hariri court, After meeting with CONDI RICE IN "SHARM" and her tacit approval...
Syria will not cooperate with a U.N.-backed tribunal to try the number one Syrian suspect, ASSEF SHAWKAT, and Maher Asswad in the killing of a former Lebanese premier if the court takes actions that undermine Syrian sovereignty, Bashar al-Asswad said.
"We have nothing "directly" to do with the court, since our master is CONDI. Any cooperation requested from Syria that compromises national sovereignty is totally rejected," Asswad told a parliament session in the Syrian capital.
"Some don't differentiate between cooperation and abandoning sovereignty. The abandonment of sovereignty means that Syrian law no longer protects Syrian citizens," Hence Condi's protection , Asswad said.
Diplomats said the comments indicated that it would be difficult for Syria to cooperate with the tribunal if it indicts Syrian officials, but Condi will see to it that no one is indicted .
Asswad has repeatedly denied any Syrian involvement in the 2005 assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik al-Hariri, but has said any Syrian found to be involved would be tried by a Syrian court, just like Ghazi Kanaan was "suicided" by Shawkatt.
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said this week Washington might seek to unforce setting up of the tribunal by the U.N. Security Council after a political crisis in Beirut paralyzed parliament and blocked any attempts to get Lebanon to approve the court, thanks to CONDI's friends and upon her tacit instructions, to help their 4 buddies who are in Jail for their protection, because they know too much, and two of them are CIA agents.
A United Nations investigation has implicated Lebanese and Syrian security TOP officials in the assassination made in USA and Herzlyiah, via Damascus and Assef Shawkat.
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Balance of power definition in classical theory is:"Power preponderance of one state or a coalition of states is so unstable that wars are bound to occur as such a state or a coalition is tempted to indulge in aggressive behavior". The main hypothesis in deterrence theory was that power parity preserves peace, where the requirement of capability was the major requirement for peace presented by the structural realists.
The alternative hypothesis: preponderance deters war, meant that peace is maintained when satisfied great powers are in preponderance. This provided the rationale for high military expenditure so that peace can be ensured through preparing for war. Deterrence theory is defined as "the possession and employment if adequate weapons whether conventional or nuclear and the credible communication of their use would deter an aggressor from challenging the status quo militarily". Deterrence was based on a "decision level theory that considers short term factors as critical in war initiation and prevention".
This did not work in September 11th attack and it was proved that a weaker power may engage in war without expecting a major military victory contrary to deterrence theory. The determinant factor here is political victory, which is a characteristic of postmodern asymmetric war. An expectation that war will make political changes which would alter the unfavorable status quo.
In the cold war deterrence based on balance of terror worked between states that were stable, but in the equation between states and unstable states or ideological and religious movements that have nothing much at stake, the balance of terror moves from the scope of deterrence through the threat of destruction to the utilization of terror to cause destruction that alters the weaker side's position in that balance. The rules of asymmetry empty deterrence from its power to work.
Deterrence works by punishment or by denial. TV Paul asserts that it also works in asymmetric conflicts when the weaker side expects to fight a prolonged attrition war with the stronger opponent but that did not work in the case of the September 11th attacks on the US, which leads us to believe that the factor of self sacrifice was stronger than that of fear of attrition due to its nature as an ideological war. Deterrence presupposes that the entities have relatively equal power, but in the case of asymmetry the losses to be feared are forsaken beforehand.
Geopolitics revisited
With the end of territoriality, geopolitics was rendered obsolete as a tool of analysis in war studies. Yet, geopolitics is part of the realities that however our world views change, it remains to be the basis of the debate over war. However this means extending the concept from its classic formulation to encompass the new developments in strategies of warfare. Geopolitical analysis was based on the idea of war for territory, and when info war was invoked some found the theory useless. Though, the scope of war still extends beyond info war, as seen in genocidal wars of ethnic cleansing in Kosovo, Bosnia and Cambodia. Wars may have changed their form but implicitly they still remain to be about space if not pure territory. Although this spatial principle took over a new meaning that does not aim to expand the land such as in Hitler's doctrine of Wanderlust but rather aims to annihilate humans in order to gain more space.
Moreover, the new form of war that focuses on political ends rather than territorial expansion and military victory, still employs a geopolitical edge in its dynamics, as depicted by Toal in a most reflective article "postmodernity is saturated with geopolitics of many kinds and the struggle to envision and enframe global space in imperial constellations of geography/power/knowledge continues".
War in the twenty first century
The September 11th Attacks
Politicians tend to mystify ideas and cloak realities under terminology that targets policy formulation through manipulation. This is especially true in the discourse used to describe the September 11th attack on the United States. In his speech following the attack President Bush declared the attacks as an act of war. He also described it as an act of terrorism. Then the term asymmetric war appeared thereafter describing the event. So what is September 11th?
To say that September 11th was an act of terrorism carries a value laden judgment that mobilizes people around the cause to fight it, but does not provide the legal justification for the United States to wage war on Afghanistan. Therefore, it was only logical for the United States to declare that it was an act of war, by which they reserved the right of self-defense. Although, the problem persists, self-defense against whom, Afghanistan or Osama Bin Laden or the entire terrorist networks worldwide?
The September 11th attack that resulted in the death of around 7000 people of many nationalities and religions including Moslems is clearly a crime against humanity. Yet, condemning the attack as evil is one thing and analyzing its nature for the purposes of classification is another. If the September 11th attack were reduced to only an act of terrorism, then the correct response would have required legal action through the proper international bodies. And it ensues that the event is just another manifestation of extremism and backwardness of the evildoers. However, if the September 11th attack is defined as an act of war this permits for a defensive military response. And also changes the scope and context of the event and makes it an academic responsibility to discern the characteristics of the attack and attempt to classify it properly. The September 11th attack is analyzed here as a postmodern war, worthy of attention in the realm of war studies as a new model of warfare.
The prevalent discourse thus far has been emotionally and politically charged on both sides, the West and the Islamic world, a proof in itself that the dynamics of the era preempted by September 11th is one with postmodern characteristics, because post modernity revolves around the idea of discourse. The premise here is that it is not enough to declare September 11th as a terrorist attack, for this does not offer the academic field any addition to knowledge that helps it understand why such an event occurred and how to prevent it in the future. A major opposition to this argument would be that September 11th defined as a postmodern asymmetric war acquires legitimacy and removes it from the scope of denunciation as an evil act. This is untrue, because the mere fact that it happened renders it a historical event worthy of adoption as a model of study in the genealogy of war, for who and what can determine if war is legitimate or not.
The September 11th attack signifies the procession of the new methods of warfare. It is the first event of its kind that uses the tools of globalization as weapons against the goals of globalization. It signifies a serious challenge to the principle that the global world equals peace for all. To classify the September 11th attack as a postmodern war, the researcher has employed an application of the postmodern war model to the characteristics of the attack.
The characteristics of the September 11th attacks are:
1- Surprise: although, many intelligence reports have warned of terrorist attacks to the US homeland, no one expected that it would really happen at this scale and using such methodology. The surprise factor was effective in penetrating security and paralyzing fast response.
2- Speed: the short duration of the attack determined its success. The strategy was based in creating a vacuum by the factor of surprise and using that margin of time to fulfill objectives.
3- Accuracy: the attack of the world trade center required a very high level of accuracy to be successful. New technology offered the means for this.
4- Lethality: although the weapons used for the attack are not military, they were lethal and the design of the attack targeted strategic places that added to its impact.
5- Technology: the use of technology and electronic equipment, not only in the attack but also in preparing for it, through communications with such secrecy made it possible to apply.
6- Subjectivity
7- Discourse: this is largely a discourse war. Osama Bin Laden based his second round of battle on the speech he addressed to the Islamic world, and the global media delivered his message. His discourse aimed to rally people around him and he succeeded to a certain degree, although he did not receive the support he may have expected. The Islamic extremist organizations, such as al-qaeda and Taliban generally use the power of discourse to frame their objectives in acceptable religious righteous terms.
8- Few Soldiers, Grand effect; although this was a suicidal mission, the new equation of using a minimal number of manpower to achieve the best possible effect was used. The suiciders were viewed as soldiers and that is the cost of battle.
The choice of targets to be attacked, demonstrate the political goals and the characteristics of war. The pentagon is a military target; the intended attack on the white house was made to symbolize the political target. The most controversial target is the World Trade Center as it harbors many people of different nationalities and religions, but it also symbolizes American economic power and had the most impact. The fact that non-combatant lives were targeted could be seen as part of the losses of war, and not necessarily an intentional massacre. In war, the human cost is legitimized by different means, and war is never really human. This is not to legitimize the attack, but rather to demonstrate how September 11th can be approached as a war. In asymmetric wars the attack has to target the most strategic places to cause maximum harm to the enemy. War zones are created rather than honored. This is one of the new trends brought about by postmodernity and a characteristic of the kind of wars that could be wage by non-state actors.
The War on Terrorism
The US has demonstrated classic war threat perception and war prevention strategy cloaked under the label of terrorism, as demonstrated by Bush's address to the nation on January 29, 2002, which some have reiterated as the completion of the development of the Bush Doctrine. The president said, "The war has two great objectives." The first is defeating terrorism. The second is preventing "the terrorists and regimes who seek chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons from threatening the United States and the world." Or, put differently, it is "to prevent regimes that sponsor terror from threatening America or our friends and allies with weapons of mass destruction". So a nexus of terror and weapons of mass destruction exists. Still, this second aspect of the war on terror goes beyond terror. It is a war against any sovereign state seeking weapons of mass destruction. And it will be a unilateral war.
It is not clear what any further large scale military operations can achieve, beyond avenging America's humiliation. The terrorist networks that form future threats are not going to be defeated through military action. Although, the US had finally given attention to the issue of money laundering, as it proved to be linked to funding terrorist operations, there are still many aspects of policy that should be harnessed otherwise the political problems underlying such attacks will persist.
Winners and Losers in asymmetric war
It is only logical to wonder how can victory be measured in asymmetric wars. Has Osama Bin Laden achieved his objectives from the September 11th attacks and is the US making political victories in its current war on Afghanistan?
In asymmetric war the minimal requirement for victory is that the insurgents should not lose. This is achieved by refusing to confront the stronger power on its own terms. Al-Qaeda organization was able to destroy the United State's sanctuary and penetrate their heartland and invoke destruction of its most strategic symbols. Although, the military operation was not completed when the fourth plane heading for the white house crashed, the political impact of the event has managed to fulfill its objectives. The message that the initiators intended to deliver and the subsequent havoc that rocked the economy and the basis of American mentality may be considered the minimal requirements for success of the attack.
Despite allegations of madness and stupidity of Bin Laden, someone who waged such an attack well knew that the retaliation would have been massive. This leads to the belief that the US retaliation was an accepted price to pay, as long as Bin Laden does not get punished for it personally. Therefore, considering that despite the destruction of Taliban's stronghold in Afghanistan, Bin Laden and his associates are still free, and this puts them in the position of winners.
As to the United States, it had thus far succeeded in retaliating against the wrong people. The people who have died as a result of the war on Afghanistan may have deserved it as members of an oppressive regime such as Taliban, not withstanding the civilians who died in the process, but they are not the "evildoers", who launched the attack on the US. American forces have emancipated the afghan people from oppression, have installed an interim government that still has to test its chances of survival, but they have not succeeded in capturing those who have planned the attacks. The US was able to create short-term goals and fake the appearance of victory to guard its global supremacy and leadership, but thus far they are the losers. They have suffered destruction and lost a lot of money as a result of the destruction and in the process of waging war on Afghanistan. They are loosing Arab, Islamic and international support most recently in the World Economic Forum meetings, due to their unilateral actions and determination to transform their war on terrorism to war against the world: Us and the Rest. The US started of its war campaign with a with us or against us threat to the world, if this was tolerated over the war on Afghanistan, it is unlikely that it will be extended to other areas of the world with full international support.
Conclusions
The postmodern definition of war seems to be right. War is politics. Accordingly, strategists should give war to the politicians, as it is a political affair. War is no longer about military victory alone, but more and more its victors and losers are determined by political victory.
One of the complications presented by a postmodernist approach to the study of war is that within the surmounting relativism can we predict any possible or probable future? ? LOL LOL LOL ......
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As Evangelical Firebrand Hooks Up With Federations, Liberals Speak Out ...
Pastor John Hagee, the firebrand evangelical Christian minister from San Antonio, Texas, had thousands of pro-Israel activists standing, clapping and chanting at this year’s annual convention of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee.
Hagee’s virtuoso performance at the conference in March underscored his emergence as a linchpin in the growing political alliance between Jewish and evangelical pro-Israel activists. Less well known is that Hagee, who in February 2006 founded the first Christian pro-Israel lobbying group — Christians United for Israel — is working to extend his influence beyond power centers in Washington, to Jewish and evangelical communities across the country.
In little more than a year since its inception, Hagee’s Christian Zionist group — with an almost entirely volunteer staff of 13 regional directors, 46 state directors and more than 85 city directors — has hosted 40 dinners in cities nationwide, well-attended by Jews and evangelicals alike. To date, the events, billed as “Nights to Honor Israel,” have raised more than $10 million for charitable causes in the Jewish state.
Setting aside their initial skepticism — and taking Hagee at his word that he is not out to convert them — the heads of local Jewish federations have supported, or at least attended, the dinners.
“If you search through Jewish stories around the U.S., a lot of us have pieces of personal memory where non-Jews were there for us — not because they had a hidden agenda, but because they believed it was the right thing to do,” said Michal Kohane, the Israeli-born executive director of the Jewish Federation of the Sacramento Region. “There is a strong aspect of CUFI in which they are the descendants of that ideological concept.”
Just as liberals have criticized Aipac for giving Hagee the dais, they are now speaking out against the pastor’s grass-roots fundraising dinners. Most recently, a Democratic congresswoman from Minnesota, Betty McCollum, declined an invitation to attend an April 29 “Night To Honor Israel” in Brooklyn Park, a suburb of Minneapolis, citing what she called “Hagee’s extremism, bigotry and intolerance.”
Critics complain that Hagee’s hawkish, biblically based views on Israel do not serve the Jewish state, and that his conservative domestic agenda — including opposition to gay marriage, abortion and immigration — is squarely at odds with the liberal views of most American Jews.
“I don’t like that they would not like to see Israel trade land for peace, because in my view that’s a very important formula,” said Rabbi Jonathan Biatch of Temple Beth El in Madison, Wis. “The real bottom line is the fact that this organization would like to exacerbate tensions in the Middle East so it will lead to Armageddon.”
Biatch is among a handful of Reform rabbis who are opting out of the federations’ warm embrace of CUFI.
Over the past year, heated discussions over whether or not to participate in Hagee’s events have set the Internet list-serve for Reform rabbis ablaze.
Biatch spoke out against the alliance with Christian Zionists in a March 23 sermon to his 700-family congregation after he saw an ad in his local paper stating that “A Night to Honor Israel” was set to take place in Madison. In his address, Biatch also expressed concern over what he views as Hagee’s anti-Muslim rhetoric broadcast in speeches on the pastor’s Web site and elucidated in his books.
In Sacramento, Calif., the city’s largest Reform synagogue, Congregation B’nai Israel, also declined to participate in its local CUFI event, which took place last September. Moreover, several midlevel donors withdrew their financial support for the local Jewish federation as a result of its involvement with the area’s “Night to Honor Israel.”
The partnership “wasn’t something that everybody in the Jewish community had an easy time accepting,” Kohane said. “But it was just something we had to take the heat for.”
The evenings are designed to educate evangelicals, who number about 75 million in the United States, on what Hagee sees as a biblical imperative to support Israel with political action and open pocketbooks.
In most cases, in addition to the representatives of the local Jewish federation, the events draw a sampling of Jews in the community who are curious to know what motivates their newfound allies.
The recent “Night to Honor Israel,” held outside of Minneapolis, raised $100,000. In Sacramento, about 900 guests gave a total of $25,000.
The most lucrative evening, held in October in Hagee’s hometown of San Antonio, reaped $7 million.
The funds sometimes flow directly into the coffers of the Jewish federations. This past summer, when philanthropic efforts were focused on raising wartime aid for Israel’s embattled northern region, $1 million of the money raised in San Antonio was donated to the Jewish Federation of Greater Houston for the Israel Emergency Campaign.
Another $3 million went to an orphanage in the Galilee, and $1 million was donated to Nefesh B’Nefesh, an Israeli not-for-profit organization that helps Jews settle in Israel. Hagee and his wife, Diana, were recognized by the national body of federations, United Jewish Communities, as “honorary chairs” of the $350 million emergency campaign.
The senior religious leader of the 18,000-member Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Hagee is also the author of several books on what is known as “end days” theology. His most recent book, “Jerusalem Countdown,” depicts a scenario in which Iran and a coalition of Islamic countries, led by Russia, will unleash a nuclear attack on Israel, leading to the ultimate battle of Armageddon. According to Hagee, this battle between what he terms the “Islamo-fascists” and the Christians and Jews is already upon us and will entail the loss of countless Israeli lives.
This is where liberal Jews run for the hills. Hagee’s political views come straight from a literal interpretation of the Bible, which includes the belief that all of Israel and the Palestinian territories was promised by God to the Jews. According to this view, laid out in “Jerusalem Countdown,” there is no room for negotiation with the Palestinians — whom Hagee lumps with all other Arabs (even those living in America) as Islamists acting on a Koranic mandate to slaughter infidels — and certainly no room to withdraw from the West Bank in exchange for a peace accord.
For 25 years, Hagee has been fundraising for the Jewish state through his television ministries and through his own “Night to Honor Israel,” planned annually with help from Aryeh Scheinberg, a San Antonio Orthodox rabbi. The two first met in 1981 when Hagee approached Jewish leaders in Texas to communicate his support for Israel’s bombing of the Osirak nuclear reactor in Iraq. While most rebuffed Hagee, it was Sheinberg who implored the Jewish community to give him a chance to prove that his agenda was not to proselytize.
Since that time, the two men have developed a close personal friendship and traveled to Israel together on multiple occasions, even praying side by side at the Western Wall. Scheinberg says he considers Hagee “like a brother,” adding that his own political positions, both on Israel and on domestic issues, are largely in line with the pastor’s.
The board of Hagee’s organization includes other prominent Christian conservatives, including the Rev. Jerry Falwell, founder of the Moral Majority, and Gary Bauer, former president of the Family Research Council.
But the organization’s executive director, David Brog — a Jewish political operative who last worked as Republican Senator Arlen Specter’s chief of staff — said that the domestic policy agenda of his group’s leadership should not be seen by Jewish liberals as an obstacle to forming a pro-Israel coalition.
“We are crystal clear that we are a single-issue organization,” said Brog, who is a relative of former Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and is also one of the Christian Zionist group’s few full-time staff members.
“CUFI doesn’t speak on the life issue, or the church-and-state issue,” Brog said. “If you want to work with us on Israel and very vociferously disagree with some or our board members on other issues, that’s fine.”
Some liberals, however, counter that bolstering religious conservatives in any way is a bad idea.
“To get in bed with the hard Christian right on Israel is a dangerous path,” said Daniel Sokatch, executive director of the Los Angeles-based Progressive Jewish Alliance. “This is a hard-driving, extremely smart and successful movement to essentially recast the U.S. as a Christian nation, and if Jews don’t think that empowering that group in American foreign policy isn’t part and parcel of empowering that group on domestic policy, they’re wrong.”......
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A Strategic Arrest in the U.S.-Iranian Covert War?
Another "noisy operation"....
May 03, 2007 02 00 GMT
Hossein Mousavian, a former nuclear negotiator for the Iranian regime, was arrested on Wednesday at his home and taken to Tehran's Evin prison on national security-related charges, specifically "communication and exchange of information with foreign agents," Persian-language Fars News Agency reported. This carefully timed arrest appears to be yet another move in the covert intelligence war between Iran and the United States....But it is missing the point, based on my info,
because the MAIN COVERT MOLE IN IRAN is ALI LARIJANI, and the West and Israel are doing their Utmost to cover him at all cost, including folding some
of their highly prized assets in Iran, precisely in order to protect LARIJANI, from the Iranian Counter-intelligence arms. In fact Ali Larijani is the descendant
of a prominent Jewish Merchant family of Tehran, [ petit fils..] , and has been the main conduit between Iran and the west for years... So, this is another noisy
operation to protect another TOP asset.... Until When?
Mousavian has served as Iran's ambassador to Germany, secretary of the foreign policy committee of Iran's Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) and as a leading negotiator in nuclear talks with the European Union. After losing his SNSC post in 2005, Mousavian became deputy head of the Tehran-based Center for Strategic Research, a think-tank closely affiliated with former Iranian President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Mousavian's dismissal, along with Ali Larijani's replacement of SNSC chief Hassan Rowhani, is likely due to the sacked officials' dissenting views on how Iran should manage its nuclear ambitions. On a number of occasions, Mousavian has recommended that Iran bargain over its rights to a nuclear fuel cycle and give in to the U.N. Security Council's demand that it suspend uranium enrichment.
The arrest is part of an intensifying covert intelligence war between Iran and the United States. This battle has involved a number of public incidents, including: the apparent abduction of an ex-FBI agent, the U.S. detainment of five Iranian officials in the northern Iraqi city of Arbil, the Mossad hit against Iranian nuclear scientist Ardeshir Hassanpour and the retaliatory assassination in Paris against the head of the Israeli Defense Ministry Mission to Europe, the abduction of an Iranian official in Baghdad (who was later swapped for the 15 British detainees), as well as three recent defections of senior Iranian officials to the West.
Alarmed by these defections, Iran has ramped up its covert collection efforts around the globe to root out additional moles working for the West. Though Mousavian was a prominent public figure who apparently was entrusted with a great deal of responsibility in national security matters, there is reason to believe he has been cooperating with Western intelligence for several years. The United States has made a concerted effort since the Iranian Revolution to target Iranian figures destined for the country's security and intelligence organizations, and Mousavian apparently made the cut. That is, until, Iran's internal counterterrorism inquest caught up with him.
The arrest also carries significant implications for Rafsanjani. Mousavian is a major player in Rafsanjani's political and financial network, and is known to have a close relationship with the former president. Mousavian's apparent contact with the West could compromise Rafsanjani's political career.
Mousavian's work at the Center for Strategic Research provided him an ideal opportunity to meet with his handlers outside the country. Such a job involves spending a lot of time abroad attending conferences and giving presentations at various foreign institutes, which would have allowed Mousavian to fly more easily under the radar of the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security. In all likelihood, Mousavian was under investigation for quite some time, and the announcement of his arrest is intended to serve a political purpose.
That purpose lies in the Egyptian resort city of
Sharm el-Sheikh, where the United States and Iran are expected during the next two days to engage in multilateral negotiations over Iraq. Now that Washington and Iran have brought their private negotiations into the public sphere, Iran is looking for an insurance policy to keep the United States in check during these talks. It is worth noting that the original report about Mousavian's arrest appears to have come from Iran's state-owned IRNA. By strategically timing this announcement, Iran is sending a clear signal to Washington that now is the time to fold and engage in serious negotiations....?
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A Court Without Authority/ Lebanese open your eyes...
When the U.S. denied the World Court jurisdiction over its actions in Central America, the State Department quickly called the step a "tactical litigation move, not a sign of disrespect for the court." But the effect of the U.S. decision was to expose the court's limited clout.
Officially known as the International Court of Justice, the body was chartered in 1945 as the judicial organ of the United Nations, with its seat at The Hague. Its mandate: to settle disputes between nations and advise the U.N. on questions of international law. The court's 15 judges, each paid $182,000 a year, are of different nationalities and elected to nine-year terms by members of the U.N. The court is not widely viewed as partisan, but the Reagan Administration is leery of its ties to the General Assembly, which is dominated by Third World countries. In more than 37 years, the court has reviewed only 48 cases. Its successful arbitrations almost always involve such prosaic matters as fishing rights. In thornier conflicts, most nations are unwilling to submit to its rulings. More than two-thirds of the U.N.'s 158 members, including West Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, China and France, do not grant the court full jurisdiction over their international dealings; generally they recognize the court's authority only when it suits their purposes. The U.S. recognized the court's "compulsory jurisdiction" in 1946, but Congress reserved the right to reject the court's participation in cases involving "domestic" issues. The Nicaraguan complaint, the Administration argued, fell within this capacious category.
There are precedents for last week's U.S. decision. In the 1950s, India, Australia and Britain refused to let the court arbitrate specific disputes. In 1970 Canada, fearing a lawsuit by the U.S. on marine pollution, told the court that it would not submit to any ruling on the matter. In 1973 France denied the court's jurisdiction when New Zealand and Australia charged that French nuclear tests in the Pacific violated international law. The Reagan Administration differed from past recalcitrance only in its timing. Says Richard Gardner, professor of international law at Columbia University: "I'm not sure there is any other case where a defendant country has pre-empted jurisdiction literally on the eve of the case."
Harvard Law Professor Abram Chayes, a leading member of Nicaragua's legal team, argues that America's recognition of compulsory jurisdiction requires that the U.S. give six months' notice before it can deny jurisdiction to the court. Says Chayes, who formulated the legal defense for the Kennedy Administration's blockade of Cuba in 1962: "You can't withdraw when the other fellow sues you."
The U.S. took a very different attitude toward the court in 1980, when it sought to censure Iran for holding American hostages at the U.S. embassy in Tehran. Noted Nicaraguan Foreign Minister Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann: "When Iran refused to participate, the U.S. took the position that the court should go right ahead. When we take this step, it is regarded as improper and propaganda." This inconsistency made many U.S. legal scholars uncomfortable. The respected American Society of International Law, holding its annual meeting in Washington, adopted a resolution deploring the Administration's attempt to sidestep Nicaragua's legal challenge.
The Reagan Administration insists that its legal maneuvering served only to preserve U.S. interests where the World Court could not. "The court, quite frankly, is not what its name suggests, an international court of justice," argues Jeane Kirkpatrick, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. "It's a semi-legal, semi-juridical, semi-political body, which nations sometimes accept and sometimes don't."....
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T's tell-all simply untenable...
More "Noisy Operations" by the Chief Cover-upper...and CIA.
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If there's a bigger buffoon or more gutless weasel in the intelligence world
than George Tenet, he's being hidden in a black ops prison on Guantanamo
Bay.
Tenet, a poster child for "The Power Of Positive Brown-Nosing," has hit
a new low, even for Washington. Having worked his way up the political
ladder by leaving no back unslapped, on the way down he's leaving no back
unstabbed.
George Tenet is the Barney Fife of the spy world. Every bad guy got
away, and he never took his bullet out of his pocket.
Screwing up the pre-Iraq war intelligence alone makes him a failure.
Utterly missing the 9/11 attacks and having not a single CIA asset in the
Taliban or al-Qaeda at the time earns him "Worst CIA Chief Ever."
But Tenet's incompetence overshadows even these "accomplishments."
According to Osama bin Laden expert Michael Scheuer, his real screw-up
was mishandling "the opportunities that CIA officers gave the Clinton
administration to capture or kill bin Laden between May 1998 and May 1999."
Scheuer says that Tenet would tell his CIA guys he would head to the White
House promising to push President Clinton to act. But the agents later
learned that Tenet was instead "denigrating the targeting data on bin Laden,
causing the president to lose confidence" in the mission.
Tenet had Osama in his sights but let him go, unable to get over that
ultimate butt-kisser's challenge, an unhappy boss. Instead, Tenet made a
risk-averse Clinton happy, and Osama made 3,000 people dead.
If I were George Tenet, the day after 9/11, my resignation would have
been on a White House desk. The day we knew Saddam had no stockpiles of
weapons of mass destruction, my head would have been in a White House oven.
At the very least, I would have fled to some far-off corner of the earth
where nobody would ever see me again, like Outer Mongolia, or MSNBC.
Not George Tenet. He went for the $4 million book advance. Having
received the Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush, Tenet gave him the French
Knee du Groin in return.
Does the media even care that much of Tenet's book is nonsense? He
claims he was astonished to run into neocon Richard Perle exiting the White
House on Sept. 12, 2001, and to hear him say, "Iraq has to pay a price for
what happened yesterday, they bear responsibility."
If Tenet was surprised, imagine poor Richard Perle! He was in France on
Sept. 12, 2001, unable to fly back to Washington due to, well, you know. And
George Tenet wonders why the evil Bushies keep linking pre-war Iraq to
al-Qaeda. He should read his own 2002 statements to Congress about "solid
reporting of senior level contacts between Iraq and al-Qa'ida" and "credible
reporting that al-Qa'ida leaders sought contacts in Iraq who could help them
acquire WMD capabilities."
When confronted on CBS with the infamous "Iraq sought uranium in Africa"
quote from Bush's State of the Union speech, Tenet passed the buck to some
unnamed aide because, he claims, he "never read the speech."
Well, maybe. But the fact is - and Tenet certainly knows this - that
both British and U.S. intelligence have reviewed and still stand by the
claim that Iraq sought yellowcake from Niger. The president was right. Why
didn't Tenet defend the facts and what remains of his honor?
Because George Tenet is back on the Butt Kiss Express. His new masters
are the mainstream media, and he's determined to give them what they want,
one network backside at a time.
If he's as successful with the press as he's been with politicians, look
for George Tenet co-hosting election night coverage with Katie Couric in
November 2008.
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CIA Support of Death Squads
by Ralph McGehee
Posted on RemarQ, 9 October 1999
The information below is from CIABASE files on Death Squads supported by the CIA. Also given below are details on Watch Lists prepared by the CIA to facilitate the actions of Death Squads.
Angola Bolivia Brazil Cambodia Central America
Chile Columbia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic
Eastern Europe East Timor Egypt El Salvador Europe
Georgia Germany Greece Guatemala Haiti
Honduras Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel
Italy Latin America Mexico Nicaragua Norway
Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Russia
South Africa South America Syria Thailand Turkey
Uruguay USSR Vietnam
Death Squads: Miscellaneous
CIA set up Ansesal and other networks of terror in El Salvador, Guatemala (Ansegat) and pre-Sandinista Nicaragua (Ansenic). The CIA created, structured and trained secret police in South Korea, Iran, Chile and Uruguay, and elsewhere — organizations responsible for untold thousands of tortures, disappearances, and deaths. Spark, 4/1985, pp. 2-4
1953-94 Sponsorship by CIA of death squad activity covered in summary form. Notes that in Haiti CIA admitted Lt. General Raoul Cedras and other high-ranking officials "were on its payroll and are helping organize violent repression in Haiti. Luis Moreno, an employee of State Department, has bragged he helped Colombian army create a database of subversives, terrorists and drug dealers." His superior in overseeing INS for Southeastern U.S., is Gunther Wagner, former Nazi soldier and a key member of now-defunct Office of Public Safety (OPS), an AID project which helped train counterinsurgents and terrorism in dozens of countries. Wagner worked in Vietnam as part of Operation Phoenix and in Nicaragua where he helped train National Guard. Article also details massacres in Indonesia. Haiti Information, 4/23/1994, pp. 3,4
CIA personnel requested transfers 1960-7 in protest of CIA officer Nestor Sanchez's working so closely with death squads. Marshall, J., Scott P.D., and Hunter, J. (1987). The Iran-Contra Connection, p. 294
CIA. 1994. Mary McGrory op-ed, "Clinton's CIA Chance." Excoriates CIA over Aldrich Ames, support for right-wing killers in El Salvador, Nicaraguan Contras and Haiti's FRAPH and Cedras. Washington Post, 10/16/1994, C1,2
Angola: Death Squads
Angola, 1988. Amnesty International reported that UNITA, backed by the U.S., engaged in extra-judicial executions of high-ranking political rivals and ill-treatment of prisoners. Washington Post, 3/14/1989, A20
Bolivia: Death Squads
Bolivia. Between October 1966-68 Amnesty International reported between 3,000 and 8,000 people killed by death squads. Blum, W. (1986). The CIA A Forgotten History, p. 264
Bolivia, 1991. A group known as "Black Hand" shot twelve people on 24 November 1991. Killings were part of group's aim to eliminate "undesirable" elements from society. Victims included police officers, prostitutes and homosexuals. Washington Post 11/25/1991, A2
Bolivia: Watch List
Bolivia, 1975. CIA hatched plot with interior ministry to harass progressive bishops, and to arrest and expel foreign priests and nuns. CIA was particularly helpful in supplying names of U.S. and other foreign missionaries. The Nation, 5/22/1976, p. 624
Bolivia, 1975. CIA provided government data on priests who progressive. Blum, W. (1986). The CIA A Forgotten History, p. 259
Brazil: Watch List
Brazil, 1962-64. Institute of Research and Social Studies (IPES) with assistance from U.S. sources published booklets and pamphlets and distributed hundreds of articles to newspapers. In 1963 alone it distributed 182,144 books. It underwrote lectures, financed students' trips to the U.S., sponsored leadership training programs for 2,600 businessmen, students, and workers, and subsidized organizations of women, students, and workers. In late 1962 IPES member Siekman in Sao Paulo organized vigilante cells to counter leftists. The vigilantes armed themselves, made hand-grenades. IPES hired retired military to exert influence on those in active service. From 1962-64 IPES, by its own estimate, spent between $200,000 and $300,000 on an intelligence net of retired military. The "research group" of retired military circulated a chart that identified communist groups and leaders. Black, J.K. (1977). United States Penetration of Brazil, p. 85
Brazil: Death Squads
Brazil, circa 1965. Death squads formed to bolster Brazil's national intelligence service and counterinsurgency efforts. Many death squad members were merely off-duty police officers. U.S. AID (and presumably the CIA) knew of and supported police participation in death squad activity. Counterspy 5/6 1979, p. 10
Brazil. Death squads began appear after 1964 coup. Langguth, A.J. (1978). Hidden Terrors, p. 121
Brazilian and Uruguayan death squads closely linked and have shared training. CIA on at least two occasions co-ordinated meetings between countries' death squads. Counterspy 5/6 1979, p. 11
Brazil, torture. After CIA-backed coup, military used death squads and torture. Blum, W. (1986). The CIA A Forgotten History, p. 190
Cambodia: Watch List
Cambodia, 1970. Aided by CIA, Cambodian secret police fed blacklists of targeted Vietnamese to Khmer Serai and Khmer Kampuchea Krom. Mass killings of Vietnamese. Valentine, D. (1990). The Phoenix Program, p. 328
Cambodia: Death Squads
Cambodia, 1980-90. U.S. indirect support for Khmer Rouge — U.S. comforting mass murderers. Washington Post, 5/7/1990, A10 editorial
Central America: Death Squads
Central America, circa 1979-87. According to Americas Watch, civilian non combatant deaths attributable to government forces in Nicaragua might reach 300, most Miskito Indians in comparison 40-50,000 Salvadoran citizens killed by death squads and government forces during same years, along with similar number during last year of Somoza and still higher numbers in Guatemala. Chomsky, N. (1988). The Culture of Terrorism, p. 101
Central America, 1981-87. Death toll under Reagan in El Salvador passed 50,000 and in Guatemala it may approach 100,000. In Nicaragua 11,000 civilians killed by 1968. Death toll in region 150,000 or more. Chomsky, N. (1988). The Culture of Terrorism, p. 29
Central America. See debate carried in Harpers "Why Are We in Central America? On Dominoes, Death Squads, and Democracy. Can We Live With Latin Revolution? The Dilemmas of National Security." Harpers, 6/1984, p35
Central America, 1982-84. Admiral Bobby Inman, former head of NSA, had deep distaste for covert operations. Inman complained that the CIA was hiring murderers to conduct operations in Central America and the Middle East — eventually Inman resigned. Toohey, B., and Pinwill, W. (1990). Oyster: the Story of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service, pp. 215-6
Chile: Watch List
Chile, 1970-73. By late 1971 the CIA in near daily contact with military. The station collecting the kind of information that would be essential for a military dictatorship after a coup: lists of civilians to be arrested, those to be protected and government installations occupied at once. Atlantic, 12/1982, p. 58
Chile, 1970-73. CIA compiled lists of persons who would have to be arrested and a roster of civilian and government installations that would need protection in case of military coup against government. Corn, D. (1994). Blond Ghost: Ted Shackley and the CIA's Crusades, p. 251
Chile, 1972-73. Drew up lists those to be arrested immediately, or protected after a coup by military. Sergeyev, F.F. (1981). Chile, CIA Big Business, p. 163
Chile late 1971-72. CIA adopted more active stance re military penetration program including effort to subsidize anti-government news pamphlet directed at armed services, compilation arrest lists and its deception operation. CIA received intelligence reports on coup planning throughout July, August and September 73. U.S. Congress, Church Committee Report. (1976) v 7, p. 39
Chile. Chilean graduates of AIFLD, as well as CIA-created unions, organized CIA-financed strikes which participated in Allende's overthrow. In 1973 AIFLD graduates provided DINA, Chile's secret police, with thousands of names of fellow unionists who were subsequently imprisoned and tortured and executed. Counterspy 4/1981, p. 13
Chile. Blum, W. (1986). The CIA A Forgotten History, 240
Chile, 1973-74. After 1973 coup, U.S. Embassy intelligence types gave their files on the Chilean and foreign left to the junta's military intelligence service (SIM). NACLA (magazine re Latin America) 8/74, p. 28.
Chile, 1973. The military prepared lists of nearly 20,000 middle-level leaders of people's organizations, scheduled to be assassinated from the morning of the coup on. The list of some 3,000 high-level directors to be arrested. Lists detailed: name, address, age, profession, marital status, and closest personal friends. It alleged U.S. military mission and the CIA involved in their preparation. Moa 186. From late June on plotters began to finalize lists of extremists, political leaders, Marxist journalists, agents of international communism, and any and all persons participating with any vigor in neighborhood, communal, union, or national organization. The Pentagon had been asked to get the CIA to give the Chilean army lists of Chileans linked to socialist countries. Names sorted into two groups: persons not publicly known but who important in leftist organizations; and, well-known people in important positions. 20,000 in first group and 3,000 in second. Second group to be jailed, the first to be killed. Sandford, R.R. (1975). The Murder of Allende, pp. 195-6
CIA provided intelligence on "subversives" regularly compiled by CIA for use in such circumstances. Blum, W. (1986). The CIA A Forgotten History, p. 194
Columbia: Watch List
Colombia. Luis Moreno, an employee of State Department, bragged he helped Colombian army create a database of subversives, terrorists and drug dealers. Haiti Information, 4/23/94, pp. 3,4
Columbia: Death Squads
Colombia. MAS (Muerte A Secuestradores): "Death to Kidnappers," Colombian antiguerrilla death squad founded in December 1981 by members of Medellin cartel, Cali cartel, and Colombian military. Scott, P. and Marshall, J. (1991). Cocaine Politics, p. 261.
Colombia, 1993-94. Amnesty International called Colombia one of worst "killing fields." U.S. is an accomplice. William F. Schultz, human rights group's newly appointed Executive Director for the U.S., told a news conference that using fight against drugs as a pretext — Colombian government doesn't reign in [its forces]. About 20,000 people killed since 1986 in one of Latin America's most "stable democracies." only 2% political killings related to drug trafficking and 70% by paramilitary or military. U.S. probably a collaborator and much of U.S. aid for counternarcotics diverted to "killing fields." AI report said human meat is sold on black market and politicians gunned down along with children, homosexuals, and drug addicts. U.S. support because of Colombia's strategic position. No one is safe, people killed for body parts. Washington Times, 3/16/1994, p. a15
Costa Rica: Watch List
Costa Rica, 1955. Ambassador Woodward reported the government should be urged to maintain closer surveillance over communists and prosecute them more vigorously, and the government should be influenced to amend the constitution to limit the travel of communists, increase penalties for subversive activities and enact proposed legislation eliminating communists from union leadership. Meanwhile USIA aka USIS programs "to continue to condition the public to the communist menace" should be maintained. Z Magazine, 11/1988, p. 20
Cuba: Watch List
Cuba, 1955-57. Allen Dulles pressed Batista to establish with CIA help, a bureau for the repression of communist activities. Grose, P. (1994). Gentleman Spy: the Life of Allen Dulles, p. 412
Cuba: Death Squads
Cuba, 1956-95 CIA's war against Cuba and Cuba's response. In 1956, CIA established in Cuba the infamous Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities, BRAC — secret police that became well known for torture and assassination of Batista's political opponents. Unclassified W/1994-1995 16-17
Dominican Republic: Watch List
Dominican Republic, 1965. CIA composed list of 55 communist ringleaders of projected takeover of government. Crozier, b. (1993). Free Agent, p. 58
Dominican Republic: Death Squads
Dominican Republic, cover, 1965. 18 public safety program advisers, 6 of whom CIA. Police organized La Banda, a death squad. Lernoux, P. (1982). Cry of the People, p. 187
Eastern Europe: Watch List
East Europe, USSR, 1952-93. Radio Free Europe researchers have hundreds of thousands of file cards on prominent east bloc citizens and a staff of 160 researchers. Washington Post, 4/4/1993, p. A19
East Timor: Death Squads
East Timor, 1975-76. Role of U.S. Government, CIA/NSA, and their Australian collaborators in East Timor is another example of support for genocide which joins a long list of similar cases. Carter and Ford administrations have been accomplices in the massacre of anywhere between one-in-ten (Indonesian foreign minister Mochtar's latest figure) and one-in-two Timorese. Counterspy, Spring 1980, p. 19
Ecuador: Watch List
Ecuador, 1962. Subversive control watch list. With agent from Social Christian party CIA will form five squads composed of five men for investigative work on subversive control watch list. Agee, P. (1975). Inside the Company: CIA Diary, pp. 240, 247
Ecuador, 1963. The CIA maintained what was called the lynx list, aka the subversive control watch list. This a file that might have 50 to 500 names. People on the list were supposed to be the most important left-wing activists whose arrest we might effect through the local government. Would include place and date of birth, wife's name, where they worked, and biological data on the whole family, including schools the children attended, etc. In Ecuador the CIA paid teams to collect and maintain this type information. Agee, (1981). White Paper Whitewash, p. 55
Egypt: Watch List
Egypt, Pakistan, 1993. 4/16/1993 2 teams from CIA and FBI to Peshawar to check information given them by Egyptian intelligence services. Egyptians reported terrorist groups based in Peshawar belong to "Arab Afghans" with ties to fundamentalist Muslims in U.S. CIA specialists met with officers of Mukhabarat Al-Amat who had list of 300 Egyptians believed to be hard inner core of Jihad led by Mohammed Sahwky Islambuli. Names of various terrorists. On request by CIA and others, 100 expulsions on 4/10. Intelligence Newsletter, 4/29/1993, pp. 1,5
El Salvador: Watch List
El Salvador, 1980-89. On TV D'Aubuisson, using military intelligence files, denounced teachers, labor leaders, union organizers and politicians. Within days their mutilated bodies found. Washington had identified most leaders of death squads as members Salvadoran security forces with ties to D'Aubuisson. Washington Post op-ed by Douglas Farah, 2/23/1992, p. C4
El Salvador, 1982-84. Significant political violence associated with Salvadoran security services including National police, National Guard, and Treasury Police. U.S. Government agencies maintained official relationships with Salvadoran security establishment appearing to acquiesce in these activities. No evidence U.S. personnel participated in forcible interrogations. U.S. Did pass "tactical" information to alert services of action by insurgent forces. Information on persons passed only in highly unusual cases. Senate Intelligence Committee, October 5, 1984, pp. 11-13
El Salvador: Death Squads
El Salvador, 1961-79. Vigilante organization called Democratic National Organization (Orden) created early 1960s to further control countryside. Created in 1961 but abolished in 1979. But quickly regained and even surpassed former vicious role. Today its members form the core of civil defense corps. White, R.A. (1984). The Morass, p. 133
El Salvador, 1961-84. During the Kennedy administration, agents of the U.S. government set up two security organizations that killed thousands of peasants and suspected leftists over the next 15 years. Guided by Americans, these organizations into the paramilitary units that were the death squads: in 1984 the CIA, in violation U.S. law, continued to provide training, support, and intelligence to security forces involved in death squads. Over the years the CIA and U.S. military organized Orden, the rural paramilitary and intelligence net designed to use terror. Mano Blanco grew out of Orden, which a U.S. ambassador called the "birth of the death squads;" conceived and organized Ansesal, the elite presidential intelligence service that gathered files on Salvadoran dissidents and gave that information to the death squads; recruited General Medrano, the founder of Orden and Ansesal as a CIA agent; supplied Ansesal, the security forces, and the General Staff with electronic, photographic, and personal surveillance of individuals who later assassinated by death squads; and, trained security forces in the use of investigative techniques, weapons, explosives, and interrogation with "instruction in methods of physical and psychological torture." The Progressive, 5/1984, pp. 20-29
El Salvador, 1963. U.S. government sent 10 special forces personnel to El Salvador to help General Jose Alberto Medrano set up Organizacion Democratica Nacionalist (Orden)--first paramilitary death squad in that country. These green berets assisted in organization and indoctrination of rural "civic" squads which gathered intelligence and carried out political assassinations in coordination with Salvadoran military. Now there is compelling evidence to show that for over 30 years, members of U.S. military and CIA have helped organize, train, and fund death squad activity in El Salvador. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Summer 1990, p. 51
El Salvador, 1963. National Democratic Organization (Orden) formed as pro-government organization with assistance from CIA, U.S. military advisers, AID's police training program. Orden supervised by Salvadoran national security agency, intelligence organization of military. CIA chose "right hand man," Jose Medrano, to direct Orden. Orden served as base for death squad operations and sanctioned in 1970-79 all "above ground" unions. Barry, T., and Preusch, D. (1986). AIFLD in Central America, p. 33
El Salvador, 1965-85. For a report of CIA supporting death squad activities in El Salvador see "Spark," 4/1985, pp. 2-4
El Salvador, 1966. Developed death squads with help of green berets. Campaign used vigilantes to employ terror. Later called civil defense corps. White, R.A. (1984). The Morass, pp. 101-3
El Salvador, 1968. AIFLD creates Salvadoran Communal Union (UCS) which emphasized self help for rural farmers and not peasant organizing. Initially, UCS had support military government. By 1973 UCS seen as too progressive and AIFLD officially expelled. U.S. funding UCS continued through training programs and private foundations. UCS charged with ties to Orden, organization which carried out death squad activity. With failing pro-government union efforts, AIFLD called back to control UCS in 1979. Barry, T., and Preusch, D. (1986). AIFLD in Central America, p. 34
El Salvador, 1976-85. Attended conferences of World Anti-Communist League: Roberto D'Aubuisson, El Salvador. Former major in military intelligence; charged with being responsible for coordinating nation's rightist death squads. Established Arena political party with assistance of U.S. new right leaders. Anderson, J. L.. and Anderson, S. (1986). Inside the League
El Salvador, 1979-84. House Intelligence Committee investigation of U.S. intelligence connections with death squad activities concluded U.S. intelligence agencies "have not conducted any of their activities in such a way as to directly encourage or support death squad acts." House Intelligence Committee, annual report, 1/2/1985, pp. 16-19
El Salvador, 1979-88. Death squads recruited under cover of boy scouts. Boys operated as a death squad known as Regalados Armed Forces (FAR). They murdered union officials, student leaders and teachers accused of being guerrilla sympathizers. Herman Torres, a death squad member, learned that the scouts part of nationwide net based on the paramilitary organization known as Orden and coordinated from the main military intelligence unit known as Ansesal run by D'Aubuisson. After coup of 1979, Orden and Ansesal officially disbanded. In 1982, when Arena won control of the constituent assembly, the top legislative body was turned into a center for death squads. Another death squad called the secret anti-communist army (ESA). Bush and North in 12/11/1983 were sent to make it clear U.S. would not tolerate death squads. Perez Linares boasted he killed Archbishop Romero on 3/24/1980. Catholic Church's human rights office reports 1991 death squad and government killings in first half of 1988 double the number of 1987. Mother Jones, 1/1989, pp. 10-16
El Salvador, 1980-84. Colonel Roberto Santivanez, former chief of the Salvadoran Army's special military intelligence unit, testified before U.S. Senators and Congressmen. He charged that Roberto D'Aubuisson was the principal organizer of the death squads, along with Colonel Nicolas Carranza, the head of the country's Treasury Police. He said Carranza also serves as a paid CIA informer. Other reports said Carranza received $90,000 a year for providing intelligence to the CIA. Washington Post, 4/1/1984
El Salvador, 1980-84. Former U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador, Robert White, said the Reagan administration covered up information that Salvadoran rightist Roberto D'Aubuisson ordered the killing of Archbishop Romero. Washington Post, 2/3/1984, 2/7/1984
El Salvador, 1980. Former U.S. Ambassador Robert White, said D'Aubuisson presided over a lottery to select which Salvadoran military officer would assassinate Archbishop Romero, gunned down on 3/24/1980. White said the U.S. Embassy received an eyewitness account of the 3/22 meeting that plotted Romero's murder. Washington Post from Associated Press, 3/1984
El Salvador, 1981-83. Colonel Carranza, leader of Salvador's infamous Treasury Police, oversaw the government reign of terror in which 800 people were killed each month. Carranza received $90,000 a year from the CIA from 1979-84 Reportedly living in Kentucky. The Nation, 6/5/1988, p. 780
El Salvador, 1981-84. House Intelligence Committee concluded "CIA did not directly encourage or support death squad killings." Report added that "some intelligence relationships with individuals connected with death squads" may have given the impression that the CIA condoned, because it was aware of, some death squad killings. Washington Post, 1/14/1985, A20
El Salvador, 1981-84. Senate Intelligence Committee reported several Salvadoran security and military officials have engaged in death squads acts. Large numbers of low-level personnel also involved. Death squads have originated from the Treasury Police and the National Guard and police. Washington Post, 10/12/1984
El Salvador, 1981-84. The CIA and military advisers have helped organize, trained, financed and advised Salvadoran army and intelligence units engaged in death squad activities and torture. Information from two well-informed sources in Salvadoran government. Christian Science Monitor, 5/8/1984, p. 1
El Salvador, 1981-88. Discussion of the use of death squads in El Salvador (No indication of direct CIA participation). The Nation, 5/8/1989, p. 625
El Salvador, 1986. Despite extensive government labor clamp down (including National Guard raid of hospital workers strike), Irving Brown, known CIA and head AFL-CIO's Department of International Affairs, issues report claiming "a shift away from violent repression and an improvement in human rights." Statement incredible in light of death squad attacks on unionists. Barry, T., and Preusch, D. (1986). AIFLD in Central America, p. 35
El Salvador, 1987. Central American death squads reported operating in the Los Angeles area. NACLA (magazine re Latin America), 6/1987, pp. 4-5
El Salvador, 1988. Americas Watch in September said the military killed 52 civilians in first 6 months, compared with 72 in all of 1987. In 1988 the Salvadoran rebels have stepped up the war. Washington Post, 11/26/1988, A1&18
El Salvador. AID public safety advisors created the national police intelligence archive and helped organize Ansesal, an elite presidential intelligence service. Dossiers these agencies collected on anti-government activity, compiled with CIA surveillance reports, provided targets for death squads. Many of 50,000 Salvadorans killed in 1981-85 Attributable to death squad activity. National Reporter, Winter 1986, p. 19
El Salvador. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly) 12:14-15;12:5-13.
El Salvador. Medrano "the father of the death squads, the chief assassin of them all," according to Jose N. Duarte. On 23 March 1985, Medrano was assassinated. Medrano in 1984 admitted he had worked for the CIA in 1960-69. The Progressive, 6/1985, p. 11
El Salvador. Administration sources said at height of rightist death squad activity, Reagan administration depended on commanders of right wing death squads. The U.S. shared some intelligence with them. U.S. intelligence officers developed close ties to chief death squad suspects while death squads killed several hundred a month and totaling tens of thousands. Washington Post, 10/6/1988, A 39 and 43
El Salvador. Article contrasting results of Senate Committee 1984 news accounts of official cooperation between CIA and Salvadoran security officers said to be involved in death squad activities. First Principles, 12/1984, pp. 2-4
El Salvador. CIA supplied surveillance information to security agencies for death squads. Blum, W. (1986). The CIA A Forgotten History, pp. 321, 327
El Salvador. Falange mysterious death squad comprising both active and retired members security forces. Conducts death squad activities. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), 4/1981, p. 14
El Salvador. Formation of Organisation Democratica Nacionalista Orden Formed in 1968 by Medrano. Forces between 50,000 and 100,000. From 1968-79, Orden official branch of government. First junta attempted to abolish, but group reorganized as National Democratic Front. Example of Orden death squad acts. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), 4/1981, p. 14
El Salvador. See Dickey article re slaughter in El Salvador in New Republic, 12/13/1983, entitled "The Truth Behind the Death Squads." fn Dickey, C. (1985). With the Contras, p. 286
El Salvador. The CIA and U.S. Armed forces conceived and organized Orden, the rural paramilitary and spy net designed to use terror against government opponents. Conceived and organized Ansesal, the presidential intelligence service that gathered dossiers on dissidents which then passed on to death squads. Kept key security officers with known links to death squads on the CIA payroll. Instructed Salvadoran intelligence operatives "in methods of physical and psychological torture." Briarpatch, 8/1984 p. 30 from the 5/1984 Progressive
El Salvador. UGB (Union Guerrilla Blanca) (white warriors union). Headed by D'Aubuisson, who trained at International Police Academy. D'Aubuisson claims close ties CIA. Former ambassador White called D'Aubuisson a "psychopathic killer." Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), 4/1981, p. 14
El Salvador, 1979-88. See "Confessions of an Assassin," article. Herman Torres Cortez is the assassin who was interviewed and tells of death squad operations in El Salvador. Mother Jones, 1/1989, p. 10
El Salvador, 1983. Vice President Bush delivered an ultimatum to Salvadoran military to stop death squad murders. Mother Jones, 8/1986, p. 64
El Salvador, 1987. Assassins, certainly sponsored by and probably members of Salvadoran security forces, murder Herbert Ernesto Anaya, head of Salvadoran civil rights commission and last survivor of commission's eight founders. Prior harassment of Anaya solicited neither protest nor protection from Duarte or U.S. administration. Contrary to popular opinion, death squad activity has not waned. "Selective killings of community leaders, labor organizers, human rights workers, rural activists and others have replaced wholesale massacres" since signing of Arias plan. Los Angeles organization "El Rescate" has compiled chronology of human rights abuses. The Nation, 11/14/1987, p. 546
El Salvador. CIA took more than two years 1980-83 begin seriously analyzing papers captured from D'Aubuisson. ICC 242. Papers said reveal death squad supporters, atrocities. Marshall, J., Scott P.D., and Hunter, J. (1987). The Iran-Contra Connection, p. 22
El Salvador, 1988. Death squad activity surged in El Salvador in 1988 after a period of relative decline. Amnesty International report "El Salvador: Death Squads- A Government Strategy," noted in NACLA (magazine re Latin America) 3/1989, p. 11
El Salvador, 1989. Although human rights monitors consistently link death squad acts to the Salvadoran government, many U.S. media report on death squads as if they an independent or uncontrollable force. Extra, Summer, 1989, p. 28
El Salvador, 1989 Member of Salvadoran army said first brigade intelligence unit army troops routinely kill and torture suspected leftists. First brigade day-to-day army operations carried out with knowledge of U.S. military advisers. CIA routinely pays expenses for intelligence operations in the brigades. U.S. has about 55 advisers in Salvador. Washington Post, 10/27/1989, A1,26
El Salvador, circa 1982-84. Ricardo Castro, a 35 year old Salvadoran army officer, a West Point graduate, said he worked for the CIA and served as translator for a U.S. official who advised the military on torture techniques and overseas assassinations. Castro personally led death squad operations. The Progressive, 3/1986, pp. 26-30
El Salvador, domestic, 1986-87. Article "The Death Squads Hit Home." For decades they terrorized civilians in El Salvador, now they are terrorizing civilians in the U.S. The FBI shared intelligence about Salvadoran activists in the U.S. with Salvador's notorious security services. The Progressive, 10/1987, pp. 15-19
El Salvador. Office of Public Safety graduate Colonel Roberto Mauricio Staben was, according to journalist Charles Dickey "responsible for patrolling — if not contributing to — the famous death squad dumping ground at El Payton a few miles from its headquarters." also, Alberto Medrano, founder of El Salvador's counterinsurgency force Orden, was an operations graduate. Finally, Jose Castillo, who was trained in 1969 at the U.S. International Police School, later became head of National Guard's section of special investigations which helped organize the death squads. The Nation, 6/7/1986, p. 793
El Salvador. Former death squad member Joya Martinez admitted death squad operations carried out with knowledge and approval 2 U.S. military advisers. LA Weekly, 1/25/1990
El Salvador. DCI report to House Intelligence Committee re CIA connections with death squads. National security archives listing.
El Salvador. FBI's contacts with the Salvadoran National Guard. Information in Senate Intelligence Committee Report, 7/1989, pp. 104-5
El Salvador. Former San Francisco police officer accused of illegal spying said he worked for CIA and will expose CIA's support of death squads if he prosecuted. Tom Gerard said he began working for CIA in 1982 and quit in 1985 because he could not tolerate what he saw. He and Roy Bullock are suspected of gathering information from police and government files on thousands of individuals and groups. Information probably ended up with B'nai B'rith and ADL. CIA refused to confirm Gerard's claim. Gerard said there is proof CIA directly involved in training and support of torture and death squads in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala during mid 1980s. Proof in his briefcase San Francisco police seized. Gerard said several photos seized by police show CIA agents attending interrogations, or posing with death squad members. Washington Times, 4/28/1993, A 6
El Salvador, 1963-90. In 1963 U.S. sent 10 Special Forces to help General Madrano set up Organizacion Democratica Nacionalista (Orden), a death squad. Evidence this sort activity going on for 30 years. Martinez, a soldier in First infantry brigade's department 2, admitted death squad acts. Said he worked with two U.S. Advisers. Castro, another soldier, talks about death squads and U.S. contacts. Rene Hurtado, former agent with Treasury Police, gives his story. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly) Summer 1990, pp. 51-53
El Salvador, 1973-89. El Salvador's ruling party, Arena, closed off fifth floor of National Assembly building to serve as HQ for national network of death squads following Arena's 20 March 1988 electoral victory. Hernan Torres Cortez, a former Arena security guard and death squad member, said he was trained and recruited by Dr. Antonio Regalado under orders of Roberto D'Abuisson intelligence service, Ansesal, in 1973. Official network was broken up in 1984 following Vice President Bush's visit, but was reinstated in 1988. Intelligence Newsletter, 1/18/1991, p. 5
El Salvador, 1979-90. A detailed discussion of Salvador's death squads. Schwarz, B. (1991). American Counterinsurgency Doctrine and El Salvador, pp. 41-3
El Salvador, 1980-84. Expatriate Salvadorans in U.S. have provided funds for political violence and have been directly involved in assisting and directing their operations. Senate Intelligence Committee, October 5, 1984, p. 15
El Salvador, 1980-84. Numerous Salvadoran officials involved in death squad activities — most done by security services — especially the Treasury Police and National Guard. Some military death squad activity. Senate Intelligence Committee, October 5, 1984, 15
El Salvador, 1980-89. D'Aubuisson kept U.S. on its guard. Hundreds of released declassified documents re relationship. Washington Post, 1/4/1994, A1,13
El Salvador, 1980-89. Declassified documents re 32 cases investigated by United Nations appointed Truth Commission on El Salvador reveal U.S. officials were fully aware of Salvadoran military and political leaders' complicity in crimes ranging from massacre of more than 700 peasants at El Mozote in 1981 to murder of 6 Jesuit priests in 1989, and thousands of atrocities in between. Lies of our Time 3/1994, pp. 6-9
El Salvador, 1980-89. President Reagan and Vice President Bush instituted polices re fighting communists rather than human rights concerns. From 11/1980 through 1/1991 a large number of assassinations — 11/27, 5 respected politicians; 12/4, rape and murder of 3 American nuns and a lay workers; 2 American land reform advisers on 1/4/1981. Archbishop Romero killed 3/1980. There clear evidence D'Aubuisson's involvement but Reagan administration ignored. On TV, D'Aubuisson, using military intelligence files, denounced teachers, labor leaders, union organizers and politicians. Within days their mutilated bodies found. Washington had identified most leaders of death squads as members Salvadoran security forces with ties to D'Aubuisson. With U.S. outrage at bloodshed, U.S., via Bush, advised government slaughter must stop. Article discusses torture techniques used by security forces. Washington Post op-ed by Douglas Farah, 2/23/1992, C4
El Salvador, 1980-90. COL Nicolas Carranza, head of Treasury Police, on CIA payroll. Minnick, W. (1992). Spies and Provocateurs, p. 32
El Salvador, 1980-90. State panel found that mistakes by U.S. diplomats, particularly in probing 1981 massacre of civilians at El Mozote, undercut policy during Salvador's civil war. Findings in 67-page study ordered by Secretary of State Christopher. Sen. Leahy said report "glosses over...the lies, half-truths and evasions that we came to expect from the State Department during that period." Sen. Dodd said "report is sloppy, anemic and basically a whitewash..." Washington Times, 7/16/1993, A12 and Washington Post, 7/16/1993, A16
El Salvador, 1980-91. Truth Commission report says 19 of 27 Salvadoran officers implicated in 6 Jesuit murders were graduates of U.S. Army's School of Americas in Fort Benning, Ga. Almost three quarters of Salvadoran officers accused in 7 other massacres were trained at Fort Benning. It called school for dictators. Since 46 it has trained more than 56,000 Latin soldiers. Graduates include some of region's most despicable military strongmen. Now, when U.S. wants to build democracy, school an obstacle. Newsweek investigation turned up hundreds of less than honorable grads. At least 6 Peruvian officers linked to a military death squad that killed 9 students and a professor were graduates. Four of five senior Honduran officers accused in Americas Watch report of organizing a death squad, Battalion 316, were trained there. A coalition charged 246 Colombian officers with human rights violations; 105 were school alumni. Honored graduates include General Suarez, a brutal dictator of Bolivia; General Callejas Ycallejas, chief of Guatemalan intelligence in late 1970s and early 1980s, when thousands political opponents were assassinated; and Honduran General Garcia, a corrupt person; and, Hernandez, armed forces chief of Colombia suspected of aiding Colombian drug traffickers. Newsweek, 8/9/1993, pp. 36-7
El Salvador, 1980-92. "Secret of the Skeletons: Uncovering America's Hidden Role in El Salvador." Pathologists uncovered 38 small skeletons in El Mozote. In 1981 soldiers of ACRE, immediate reaction infantry battalion created by U.S., herded children into basement and blew up building. U.S. officials denied any massacre had taken place and kept on denying for years. About 800 residents killed. Armed service leaders said they conducted war on part of Reagan and Bush administrations with bi-partisan support Congress since 1984; received daily assistance from State Department, DOD and CIA. Truth Commission investigating via U.S. Government interagency committee. State and CIA not cooperating with commission. CIA not giving one document on formation of death squads, prepared in 1983 for congressional intelligence committees. Kidnap-for-profit ring against Salvadoran business community. With U.S. Encouragement, Salvadoran government arrested several members of ring. One was a death squad assassin, Rudolfo Isidro Lopez Sibrian, who implicated in deaths of 2 American labor advisers. Washington Post, 11/15/1992, C1,2
El Salvador, 1980-93. 11/5/1993 release of thousands pages of intelligence reports shows every U.S. diplomat, military officer, and intelligence operative who worked with El Salvador's military and political leaders in 1980s knew most of those involved in organizing death squads. State Department officials lied to Congress. Intelligence reports detailed precise information on murder, kidnapping, and coup plots, and death squad funding, involving people like VP Francisco Merino and current Arena candidate Armando Calderon Sol. At least 63,000 Salvadoran civilians — equivalent of 3 million Americans were killed — most by government supported by U.S. The Nation, 11/29/1993, p. 645
El Salvador, 1980-93. Approximately 50-page article on the massacres at El Mozote. Article by Mark Danner. New Yorker, 12/6/1993
El Salvador, 1980-93. Article by Jared Toller, "Death Squads Past, Present & Future." discusses recent cases of FMLN members being murdered by resurgent death squads. Only left is calling for full implementation of UN Truth Commission's recommendations — purging armed forces, full investigation into death squads, etc. Truth Commission had recommended U.S. make it files available. U.S. Had refused to turn over 1983 FBI report on death squads organization in Miami. Salvadoran government is the death squads. Member of a death squad now imprisoned and seeking amnesty, Lopez Sibrian, explained participation of Arena luminaries in kidnappings, bombings and attacks on National University. He implicated the mayor of San Salvador in various acts. Link between phone service, Antel, and national intelligence police. Antel records calls of left and passes them to police. (The secret anti-communist Army, a former death squad, were regulars of now-disbanded Treasury Police). Upcoming elections may have generated increase in death squad activity. Z magazine, 1/1994, pp. 14-5
El Salvador, 1980-93. Colman McCarthy comments of UN's Truth Commission report and the Reagan-Abrams "fabulous achievement." Washington Post, 4/6/1993, D22
El Salvador, 1980-93. Letter to editor by Thomas Buergenthal of law school at George Washington U., who was a member of the Truth Commission for El Salvador. He denies news story that there was a chapter in the report that dealt with the structure and finances of the groups was withheld. He bemoans the ability of the commission to thoroughly investigate all aspects. Washington Post, 11/30/1993, A24
El Salvador, 1980-93. Report of UN's Truth Commission re enormous crime of a government that killed upwards of 70,000 civilians between 1980-92. Report refutes official statements made by Reagan and Bush administrations — when officials denied leaders of Salvadoran armed forces were using execution, rape and torture to sustain their power — reports says they were. We need a truth report on our own government per Rep. Moakley. Truth report adds growing body evidence U.S. Government officials may have participated in perpetuation of atrocities in El Salvador. In 1960s, CIA advisers helped create a nationwide informant net. In 1981, team of military advisers led by Brig. Gen. Frederick Woener sent to determine "rightist terrorism and institutional violence." Salvadorans generally dismissed notion that terror was a bad idea. One of Colonels, Oscar Edgardo Casanova Vejar, was one covering up rape and murder of four churchwomen. Woener recommended U.S. proceed and give $300-400 million aid. U.S. officials claimed churchwomen had run a roadblock and there was no massacre at El Mozote. Neil Livingstone, a consultant who worked with Oliver North at NSC concluded, "death squads are an extremely effective tool, however odious, in combating terrorism and revolutionary challenges." op-ed by Jefferson Morley, an Outlook editor. Washington Post, 3/28/1993, C1,5
El Salvador, 1980-93. Salvador's ruling party moved to declare amnesty for those named in United Nations.-sponsored Truth Commission. Investigators said 85% of complaints laid to government death squads. Discusses D'Aubuisson's implication in Archbishop Romero's assassination. Washington Post 3/17/1993 a25
El Salvador, 1980. Ten former death squad members were ordered killed in Santiago de Maria on 27 December 1980 by Hector Antonio Regalado, who felt they knew too much. Intelligence Newsletter, 10/4/1988, p. 6
El Salvador, 1981-84. There are two versions of first page of a CIA report, "El Salvador: Dealing With Death Squads," 1/20/1984. CIA released first version in 1987, among congressional debate over aid to El Salvador. Second version, which contradicts first, declassified by CIA in 11/1993. As recently as 10/1992, CIA continued to release censored version in response to FOIA requests. Redacted version implies death squad problem overcome — non censored version show this is not true. New York Times, 12/17/1993, A19
El Salvador, 1981-89. Salvadoran atrocity posed agonizing choice for U.S. COL Rene Ponce, chief of staff of Salvador's armed forces, has been accused of ordering murder of six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper and her daughter at Central American University. Newly available U.S. documents show U.S. knowingly and repeatedly aligned themselves with unsavory characters during 1980s while defending them to U.S. Public. Diplomatic cables found among more than 10,000 recently declassified State, Pentagon and CIA documents, reveal extent U.S. policy makers chose to overlook Ponce's brutality. U.S. officials long labeled Ponce a right-wing extremist tied to death squads. But documents make clear U.S. played down unsavory side of Ponce. Details from correspondence between Ambassador Walker and Baker. In 10/1983, CIA prepared a "briefing paper on right-wing terrorism in El Salvador" that described Ponce as a supporter of death squads. Impact Bush's visit in 1984 to push for human rights was minimal. By 7/1989, CIA reported that Ponce "espouses moderate political views." Ponce refused repeated requests to pursue those responsible for deaths of Jesuits. Washington Post, 4/5/1994, A13
El Salvador, 1981-90. Government operation at El Mozote consisted of Army, National Guard and the Treasury Police in operation rescue. By early 1992, U.S. spent more than 4 billion in civil war lasting 12 years and that left 75,000 dead. New Yorker, 12/6/1993, p. 53
El Salvador, 1981-90. In 1981 over 10,000 political murders committed by Salvadoran military and its death squads. In 1990 there were 108 such murders. Schwarz, B. (1991). American Counterinsurgency Doctrine and El Salvador, p. 23
El Salvador, 1981-92. Article "Death-Squad Refugees," discusses case of Cesar Vielman Joya Martinez, extradited by Bush to El Salvador to face murder charges for being part of a death squad that he claims operated with knowledge of defense minister Ponce and other top officials. FOIA documents show U.S. helping prepare extradition request for Salvadoran government. Truth Commission's report vindicates Joya. Texas Observer (magazine), 3/26/1993, pp. 9-10
El Salvador, 1981-92. Some U.S. special operations soldiers in El Salvador during civil war want Pentagon to admit they more than advisers. They say they also fought. Army memo given Newsweek says, "most personnel serving in an advisory capacity were directly engaged in hostile action." Newsweek, 4/5/1993
El Salvador, 1981-92. Truth Commission report implicates top Salvadoran officials in ordering or covering up murders of four U.S. churchwomen and six Jesuit priests; and Salvadoran troops massacred many hundreds at El Mozote. Four Dutch journalists killed 3/17/1982 were deliberately ambushed by Salvadoran army. Denials by then top U.S. government officials now exposed. U.S. government supported war with $6 billion. The Nation, 4/12/1993, p. 475
El Salvador, 1981-93. 12 years of tortured truth on El Salvador — U.S. declarations undercut by United Nations. Commission report. For 12 years, opponents of U.S. policy in Central America accused Reagan and Bush administrations of ignoring widespread human rights abuses by the Salvadoran government and of systematically deceiving or even lying to Congress and people about the nature of an ally that would receive $6 billion in economic and military aid. A three-man United Nations.-sponsored Truth Commission released a long-awaited report on 12 years of murder, torture and disappearance in El Salvador's civil war. Commission examined 22,000 complaints of atrocities and attributed 85 percent of a representative group of them to Salvadoran security forces or right-wing death squads. It blamed remainder on guerrilla Farabundo Marti National Liberation front (FMLN). In May 1980, for instance, when Carter was still President, security forces seized documents implicating rightist leader D'Aubuisson in the murder of Archbishop Oscar Romero. In Fall of 1981, Army Brig. Gen. Fred Woerner supervised preparation of a joint U.S.-Salvadoran internal military "Report of the El Salvador Military Strategy Assistance Team," which noted that "the (Salvadoran) armed forces are reluctant to implement vigorous corrective actions for abuses in the use of force." One reason so many people found it hard to believe U.S. officials could not have known more about rights abuses and acted more aggressively to curb them is that the U.S. was deeply involved in running the war, from intelligence gathering to strategy planning to training of everyone from officers to foot soldiers. By 1982, U.S.. military advisers were assigned to each of the six Salvadoran brigades, as well as each of 10 smaller detachments. The U.S. put tens of millions of dollars into developing the ultra-modern national intelligence directorate to coordinate intelligence gathering and dissemination. U.S. military and CIA officials participated in almost every important meeting. Most brigades had a U.S. intelligence officer assigned to them, as well as a U.S. liaison officer. U.S. advisers regularly doled out small amounts of money, usually less than $1,000 at a time, for intelligence work. The U.S. was not informed of arrests or captures Unless they specifically asked. "They never asked unless there was a specific request because someone in Washington was getting telegrams." El Mozote, the report said, was work of U.S.-trained Atlacatl battalion, part of a days-long search-and-destroy sweep known as "Operation Rescue." In fact, the report said, the soldiers massacred more than 500 people in six villages. In El Mozote, where the identified victims exceeded 200, "the men were tortured and executed, then women were executed and finally, the children" Washington Post, 3/21/1993
El Salvador, 1981-93. A discussion of the media's treatment of the El Mozote massacres and the U.S. media's treatment of that story. Lies of our Time, 6/1993, pp. 3-4
El Salvador, 1981-93. Thomas Enders, former Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from 1981-83, writes op-ed defending U.S. officials' testimony re massacre at El Mozote as now confirmed by UN's Truth Commission report. Washington Post, op-ed 3/29/1993, A19
El Salvador, 1981-93. United Nations. Commission on Truth to release report on crimes committed against civilians in Salvador's 12-year civil war. Defense Minister Ponce already resigned. Washington Post Outlook, 3/14/1993, C1,2
El Salvador, 1981-94. Armando Calderon Sol considered shoo-in to win Presidency in impending elections. Calderon began his political career as a member of a seven-man, neo-fascist group under D'Aubuisson's guidance that supported death squad operations. Calderon has all worst elements of D'Abuisson without any redeeming qualities. When D'Abuisson running death squads out of his office, Calderon was his private secretary and a loyal soldier in a terrorist cell — Salvadoran National Movement (MNS). In 1981, D'Abuisson unified MNS into Arena party. Washington Post, Outlook, 4/17/1994, C1,3
El Salvador, 1981. Detailed article on "The Truth of El Mozote," by Mark Danner. New Yorker, 12/6/1993, pages 51 and ending on page 103
El Salvador, 1981. Skeletons verify killing of Salvadoran children of El Mozote, El Salvador. Washington Times, 10/21/1992, A9 and Washington Post, 10/22/1992, A18
El Salvador, 1982-84. Significant political violence associated with Salvadoran security services including National police, National Guard, and Treasury Police. U.S. government agencies maintained official relationships with Salvadoran security establishment appearing to acquiesce in these activities. No evidence U.S. personnel participated in forcible interrogations. U.S. did pass "tactical" information to alert services of action by insurgent forces. Information on persons passed only in highly unusual cases. Senate Intelligence Committee, October 5, 1984, pp. 11-13.
El Salvador, 1982-84. "Recent Political Violence in El Salvador," Report of Senate Intelligence Committee. Committee found ample evidence that U.S. policy was to oppose political violence. U.S. government accorded high priority to gathering intelligence on political violence. President Bush and his demarche in 1983. P8. U.S. government Relationship with Robert D'Aubuisson — bio on him. U.S. Government contact with him limited. Roberto Santivanez, director of Ansesal 1978-79. He claimed he himself had engaged in death squad activity and had a relationship with U.S. through CIA and that COL Carranza had ties to CIA. Colonel Nicolas Carranza had extensive ties to Arena and National Conciliation (PCN) parties. He involved in various activities of interest to U.S. in various positions. Senate Intelligence Committee, October 5, 1984, pp. 1-11
El Salvador, 1983-90. Former Salvadoran army intelligence agent who applied for political asylum in U.S. convicted in court of entering country illegally. Joya-Martinez's request for political asylum still pending. Washington Post, 9/19/1990, A5
El Salvador, 1985. In 2/1985, CIA reported that behind Arena's legitimate exterior lies a terrorist network led by D'Aubuisson using both active-duty and retired military personnel..." main death squad was "the Secret Anti-communist Army," described by CIA as the paramilitary organization of Arena — from the National Police and other security organizations. These were funded directly from Washington. Death squads became more active as 1994, election approached. Columbia, possibly leading terrorist state in Latin America, has become leading recipient of U.S. military aid. Since 1986, more than 20,000 people have been killed for political reasons, most by Colombian authorities. More than 1,500 leaders, members and supporters of the Labor Party (UP) have been assassinated since party established in 1985. Pretext for terror operations is war against guerrillas and narcotraffickers. Former a partial truth, latter a myth concocted to replace the "communist threat." Works hand-in-hand with drug lords, organized crime, and landlords. National Police took over as leading official killers while U.S. aid shifted to them. Targets include community leaders, human rights and health workers, union activists, students, members of religious youth organizations, and young people in shanty towns. Sale of human organs. Case of Guatemala. Shift of 1962, under Kennedy administration from hemispheric defense to "internal security:" war against the internal enemy. Doctrines expounded in counterinsurgency manuals. Internal enemy extends to labor organizations, popular movements, indigenous organizations, opposition political parties, peasant movements, intellectual sectors, religious currents, youth and student groups, neighborhood organizations, etc. From 1984 through 1992, 6,844 Colombian soldiers trained under U.S. International Military Education and Training Program (MET). Z Magazine, 5/1994, 14 pages
El Salvador, 1986-87. See article "Death Squad Update, Investigating L.A.'s Salvadoran Connection." Los Angeles Weekly, 8/7/1987
El Salvador, 1986-89. Joya Martinez, former death squad member, who said two U.S. advisers attached to his unit and gave funds of 9500 month. Article names other Salvadoran death squad members. Unclassified, 7/1990
El Salvador, 1986. In 1986, Salvadoran authorities, with help of FBI, cracked a kidnap-for-hire ring in which death squads posing as leftist rebels kidnapped some of nation's wealthiest businessmen. Schwarz, B. (1991). American Counterinsurgency Doctrine and El Salvador, p. 28
El Salvador, 1987-89. Jesuit labeled ardent communist two years before by Salvadoran, U.S. officials. Religious News Service, 5/9/1990, p. 1
El Salvador, 1987-89. Salvadoran woman defecting to U.S. said she worked for death squad and provided information on six people who killed. Her claims back up those of her supervisor, Cesar Joya Martinez, who linked death squad acts to U.S. funding. Boston Globe, 3/16/1990, in First Principles, 4/1990, p. 10
El Salvador, 1988-89. Joya Martinez, former member intelligence department 1st army Brigade of Salvador's army. Said U.S. advisers funded their activity, but unaware of death squad. Washington Post, 11/19/1989, F2
El Salvador, 1988. Amnesty International report of 26 October 1988 noted "black list" are supplied to Salvadoran media by Salvadoran intelligence services. During first six months of 1988, number of murders by death squads tripled over same period of previous year. Most prominent victim was Judge Jorge Alberto Serrano Panameno who was shot in May 1988. Increase reflects rise to power of 1966 class from national military school. Class members include Colonel Rene Emilio Ponce, new chief of staff of armed forces as well as director of Treasury Police. They command five of country's six brigades, five of seven military detachments, three security forces as well as intelligence, personnel and operations posts in high command. Intelligence Newsletter, 11/16/1988, pp. 5,6
El Salvador, 1989-91. According to confidential Salvadoran military sources, decision to murder six Jesuit priests was made at a 15 November 1989 meeting of senior commanders (CO) at the Salvadoran military school. Those allegedly present were: Colonel Benavides, CO of the school; General Juan Rafael Bustillo, then CO of Salvadoran Air Force — in 1991 assigned to embassy in Israel; General Emilio Ponce, then chief of staff — in 1991 minister of defense; and Colonel Elena Fuentes, CO of 1st brigade. Initiative for murders came from Colonel Bustillo. For a listing of direct and circumstantial evidence supporting allegation, see statement of Rep. Joe Moakley, Task Force on El Salvador, 11/18/1991
El Salvador, 1989. CIA officer visited bodies of dead priests. Officer was senior liaison with (DNI) the national intelligence directorate. U.S. probably knew Salvadoran military behind assassinations but did not say anything for seven weeks. State Department panel did not review actions of CIA or DOD. Washington Post, 7/18/1993, C1,4
El Salvador, 1989. Congressman criticized a 11/ 1987 report in which Latin American and U.S. military leaders accused Rev. Ignacio Ellacuria and several other theologians of supporting objectives of communist revolution. Father Ellacuria, Rector of Jesuit university in San Salvador, was murdered on 11/16/ 1989. Religious News Service, 5/11/1990, p. 1
El Salvador, 1989. Joya Martinez and Jesuit murders. Martinez says his unit which played major role in 12/1989 murder of Jesuit priests had U.S. government advisors. INS trying to deport Martinez. Unclassified, 9/1990, p. 6
El Salvador, 1989. Salvadoran Archbishop Rivera accused U.S. officials of subjecting a witness to the slaying of 6 Jesuit intellectuals to brainwashing and psychological torment. Washington Post, 12/11/1989, A23,24
El Salvador, 1989. U.S. military adviser Benavides told FBI, later recanted, that Salvadoran army chief of staff and others knew of plan to kill six Jesuit priests. Washington Post, 10/29/1990, A17,21
El Salvador, 1990. Amnesty International reported a significant surge in number of killings by army-supported death squads this year. 45 people killed between January and August this year, compared with 40 reported in 1989. Washington Post, 10/24/1990, A14
El Salvador, 1990. Cesar Vielman Joya-Martinez, former member Salvadoran First brigade death squad, sentenced to 6 months in jail for illegally reentering U.S. 6 years after he deported. Washington Post, 12/8/1990, A22
El Salvador, 1991. Salvadoran minister of defense and other top generals attended 1989 meeting where decision was made to murder six Jesuit priests, according to confidential sources. Allegation was made by an attorney working for Rep. Moakley (D-MA), whose task force released a six page statement directly linking Salvadoran high command to slayings. Washington Times, 11/18/1991, A2
El Salvador, 1991. Summary executions continued in El Salvador despite the presence of Onusal, the UN observer mission monitoring human rights violations. In a 1991 report, Onusal noted government made few attempts to investigate slayings. Report also accused FMLN for recruiting fifteen-year-olds. Washington Times, 12/3/1991, A8
El Salvador, 1992. Cesar Vielman Joya Martinez, former Salvadoran death squad member, to be deported. Washington Post editorial, 10/23/1992, A20
El Salvador, 1993. Right-wing death squads undermining fragile peace per UN chief in campaign for March 1994 elections. Washington Times, 11/25/1993, A15
El Salvador, Central America, 1981-1993. Salvadoran death squads set up as a consequence of Kennedy administration decisions. Killers were Treasury Police and the military who were trained in intelligence and torture by U.S. U.S. personnel staffed military and intelligence apparatus. Generals selected and trained by U.S. were most notorious killers. 1984 FBI report on death squads never released. For savage expose of School of Americas' killers, see Father Roy Bourgeois's School of the Americas Watch, Box 3330, Columbus Ga. 31903; (706) 682-5369. The Nation, 12/27/1993, p. 791
El Salvador, 1989-1990. Joya Martinez testified role played by U.S. officials in death squad killings carried out by U.S. trained first infantry Brigade's intelligence unit. Two U.S. military advisers controlled intelligence department and paid for unit's operating expenses. His unit performed 74 executions between April and July 1989. Washington Post confirmed U.S. advisers work in liaison with First brigade and CIA pays expenses for intelligence operations in the brigades. Martinez said his first brigade unit attached to U.S.-trained Atlacatl battalion, which slaughtered the Jesuit priests. Member of his unit, Oscar Mariano Amaya Grimaldi has confessed to slayings. In These Times, 8/14/1990, p. 17
Europe: Watch List
Europe, 1945-92. Operation Gladio. First scandal was discovery of assassination teams in 1952 linked to Bundes Deutscher Jugend — a right-wing political organization in Hesse, Germany. They prepared list of German politicians who [might cooperate with Soviets]. BBC (1992). Gladio — Timewatch (Transcript of 3 part program), pp. 19-20
Georgia: Watch List
Georgia, 1993. Woodruff worked for 2 months as CIA's Tbilisi station chief posing as a State Department regional-affairs officer. He to help Guguladze upgrade Georgian intelligence service and to monitor factional struggle. Newsweek 8/23/1993, p. 18
Germany: Watch List
Germany, 1950-54. In about 1950 pacifist ideas to be eradicated. U.S. formed German youth league (Bund Deutscher Jugend (BDJ)) in Frankfurt. Psychological indoctrination given by Paul Luth. BDJ was a militant organization, a counterweight to communist-run free German youth (FDJ) run from East Berlin to infiltrate W. German youth. BDJ passed letters and brochures through Iron Curtain and pasted slogans on walls. Chancellor Adenauer wanted cold war and wanted to use the BDJ. Otto John told by State official Zinn that it had uncovered neo-Nazi unit BDJ run by Peters, that was organizing secret firing exercises and training for partisan warfare in the Odelwald. BDJ had drawn up a blacklist of left-wing socialists who were to be arrested or even murdered in event of attack from east. [early version of Gladio political and staybehind operation]. John, O. (1969). Twice Through the Lines: the Autobiography of Otto John, pp. 210-15
Germany, 1950-90. Bonn officials said government to disband secret resistance net Operation Gladio. Section consisted of former Nazi SS and Waffen-SS officers as well as members of an extreme right-wing youth group that drew up plans to assassinate leading members of Socialist Democratic Party in event of USSR-invasion. "Statewatch" compilation filed June 1994, p. 11
Germany, 1952-91. CIA's stay-behind program caused scandal in 1952 when West German police discovered CIA working with a 2,000-member fascist youth group led by former Nazis. Group had a black list of people to be liquidated in case of conflict with the USSR. Lembke case. The Nation, 4/6/1992, p. 446
Germany, 1953. (Stay-behind operation Gladio?). In 1953 mass arrests of neo-Nazi militant organization within ranks of German youth fellowship (BDJ) discovered. Group held secret night maneuvers in Odenwald with CIA instructors. They preparing for war with East Germany and prepared lists of communists, left-wing sympathizers and pacifists who were to be arrested in case of emergency. Members encouraged to infiltrate East German youth league (FDJ). Operation exposed in press and scores of youths arrested in East Germany as spies, propagandists or provocateurs, and sentenced to terms of up to nine years of hard labor. Hagan, l. (1969). The Secret War for Europe, p. 78
Germany, 1953. U.S. Intelligence officer told Otto John, head of BFV, one of its agents in East Germany to defect with a list of East German agents in West. 35 Communist spies arrested after Easter. Later it found many of those arrested were innocent. Arrests followed with apologies. Disaster caused by over-zealous U.S. intelligence officer. West German businessmen as consequence afraid to do business with east. This a goal of U.S. Policy — was this a deliberate "mistake?" Hagan, l. (1969). The Secret War for Europe, p. 81
Greece: Watch List
Greece, 1967. After CIA-backed coup, the army and police seized almost 10,000 prisoners, mostly left-wing militants, though political leaders of all shades taken including prime minister Kanelopoulos and members of his Cabinet, trade union members, journalists, writers, etc. The lists had been provided by the sympathizers in the police and the secret service. Final lists kept up to date by COL George Ladas. Details of fate of the arrestees. Tompkins, P. (Unpublished manuscript). Strategy of Terror, pp. 13-8
Guatemala: Watch List
Guatemala, 1954. Death squads and target lists. Schlesinger, S., & Kinzer, S. (1983). Bitter Fruit 197, pp. 207-8, 221
Guatemala, 1954. Goal of CIA was apprehension of suspected communists and sympathizers. At CIA behest, Castillo Armas created committee and issued decree that established death penalty for crimes including labor union activities. Committee given authority declare anyone communist with no right of defense or appeal. By 11/21/1954 committee had some 72,000 persons on file and aiming to list 200,000. Schlesinger, S., & Kinzer, S. (1983). Bitter Fruit, p. 221
Guatemala, 1954. The U.S. Ambassador, after overthrow of Arbenz government, gave lists of radical opponents to be eliminated to Armas's government. NACLA 2/1983, p 4. The military continued up to at least 1979 to use a list of 72,000 proscribed opponents, drawn up first in 1954. NACLA (magazine re Latin America) 2/1983, p. 13
Guatemala, 1954. After Armas made president, labor code forgotten and worker organizers began disappearing from united fruit plantations. Hersh, B. (1992). The Old Boys, p. 353
Guatemala, 1954. Department of State Secretary Dulles told Ambassador Peurifoy to have the government scour the countryside for communists and to slap them with criminal charges. A few months later the government began to persecute hundreds for vague communist crimes. The Nation, 10/28/1978, p. 444
Guatemala, 1954 U.S. Ambassador Peurifoy, after Arbenz resigned, gave Guatemalan army's chief of staff a list of "communists" to be shot. The chief of staff declined. The Nation 6/5/1995, pp. 792-5
Guatemala, 1981-89. Israeli Knesset member General Peled said in Central America Israel is 'dirty work' contractor for U.S. Helped Guatemala regime when Congress blocked Reagan administration. Israeli firm Tadiran (then partly U.S.-owned) supplied Guatemalan military with computerized intelligence system to track potential subversives. Those on computer list had an excellent chance of being "disappeared." It was "an archive and computer file on journalists, students, leaders, leftists, politicians and so on." Computer system making up death lists. Cockburn, A. & Cockburn, L. (1991). Dangerous Liaison, p. 219
Guatemala, 1985-93. CIA collected intelligence re ties between Guatemalan insurgents and Cuba. CIA passed the information to U.S. military, which was assisting Guatemalan army extinguish opposition. Washington Post, 3/30/1995, A1,10
Guatemala, 1988-91. CIA station chief in Guatemala from 1988 to 1991 was a Cuban American. He had about 20 officers with a budget of about $5 million a year and an equal or greater sum for "liaison" with Guatemalan military. His job included placing and keeping senior Guatemalan officers on his payroll. Among them was Alpirez, who recruited for CIA. Alpirez's intelligence unit spied on Guatemalans and is accused by human rights groups of assassinations. CIA also gave Guatemalan army information on guerrillas. New York Times, 4/2/1995, A11
Guatemala: Death Squads
Guatemala, 1953-84. For 30 years the CIA has been bankrolling a man reported to be behind right-wing terror in Central America. The CIA's protégé, Mario Sandoval Alarcon, former Vice President Of Guatemala, now heads the National Liberation Movement (NLM) founded in 1953 by CIA as a paramilitary force to overthrow Arbenz. By mid-1960s Sandoval emerged as head of the organization. The White Hand or La Mano Blanco with close ties to the NLM was responsible for as many as 8000 deaths in the 1960s plus more in the 1970s. Sandoval a pillar of the World Anti-communist League. The CIA still funds Sandoval. Jack Anderson, Washington Post, 1/30/1984
Guatemala, 1954-76. Effect of CIA coup organized labor all but wiped out. Union membership dropped 100,000 to 27,000 immediately and continued decline thereafter, in part due to death squad activity. Barry, T., and Preusch, D. (1986). AIFLD in Central America, p. 21
Guatemala. Police trained by AID public safety program murdered or disappeared 15,000 people. Lernoux, P. (1982). Cry of the People, p. 186
Guatemala, 1954-84. See Jack Anderson column "Links Reported Among Latin Death Squads." Washington Post, 1/12/1984, N. VA., p. 15
Guatemala, 1970-72. Under Arana presidency, with Mario Sandoval Alarcon and others involved in right-wing terrorism, Arana unleashed one of the most gruesome slaughters in recent Latin American history (only in Chile, following the coup against Allende was the degree of violence greater). The New York Times reported in June 1971 that at least 2000 Guatemalans were assassinated between 11/1970 and 5/1971; most corpses showed signs of torture. Most of killing attributed to the officially supported terrorist organizations Ojo Por Ojo (an eye for an eye) and Mano Blanca. Jones, S., and Tobis, D. (Eds.). (1974). Guatemala, pp. 202-3
Guatemala, 1970-87. Violence by security forces organized by CIA, trained in torture by advisors from Argentina, Chile. Supported by weapon, computer experts from Israel. Marshall, J., Scott P.D., and Hunter, J. (1987). The Iran-Contra Connection, p. 133
Guatemala. 1960-82. Trained military death squads who used "terror tactics" from killing to indiscriminate napalming of villages. Special Forces almost certainly participated in operations despite Congressional prohibition. Marshall, J., Scott P.D., and Hunter, J. (1987). The Iran-Contra Connection, p. 193
Guatemala, 1954. The U.S. ambassador, after overthrow of Arbenz government, gave lists to Armas of radical opponents to be eliminated. NACLA (magazine re Latin America) 2/1983, p. 4
Guatemala, 1985. The World Anti-communist League's point man, Mario Sandoval Alarcon, remains a League member even after exposed as a death squad patriarch who was on the CIA payroll. Jack Anderson, Washington Post, 8/9/1986
Guatemala, 1989. Climate of terror grips Guatemala. Killers, bombers said to target civilian rule. Washington Post, 9/29/1989, A 45
Guatemala, circa 1968-70. U.S. counterinsurgency program turned area into bloody war zone taking the lives of thousands of peasants. Formed Mano Blanca or White Hand. Plan used through out country in 1970. NACLA (magazine re Latin America), 3/74, p. 19
Guatemala. Article by Gary Bass and Babette Grunow on the Guatemalan counterinsurgency forces. Lies of our Time, 6/1993, pp. 11-13
Guatemala. At least three of recent G-2 chiefs were paid by CIA. Crimes are merely examples of a vast, systematic pattern; [the guilty] are only cogs in a large U.S. government apparatus. Colonel Hooker, former DIA chief for Guatemala, says, "it would be an embarrassing situation if you ever had a roll call of everybody in Guatemalan army who ever collected a CIA paycheck." Hooker says CIA payroll is so large that it encompasses most of Army's top decision-makers. Top commanders paid by CIA include General Roberto Matta Galvez, former army chief of staff, head of presidential General Staff and commander of massacres in El Quiche department; and General Gramajo, defense minister during the armed forces' abduction, rape and torture of Dianna Ortiz, an American nun. Hooker says he once brought Gramajo on a tour of U.S. Three recent Guatemalan heads of state confirm CIA works closely with G-2. Gen. Oscar Humberto Mejia Victores (military dictator from 1983 to 1986) how death squads had originated, he said they started "in the 1960s by CIA." General Efrain Rios Montt (dictator from 1982 to 1983 and the current congress president), who ordered main high-land massacres (662 villages destroyed, by army's own count), said CIA had agents in the G-2. CIA death squads by Allan Nairn. The Nation, 4/17/1995
Guatemala. CIA works inside a Guatemalan army unit that maintains a network of torture centers and has killed thousands of Guatemalan civilians. G-2, since at least 60s, has been advised, trained, armed and equipped by U.S. undercover agents. One of American agents who works with G-2, is Randy Capister. He has been involved in similar operations with army of neighboring El Salvador. A weapons expert known as Joe Jacarino, has operated through out Caribbean, and has accompanied G-2 units on missions into rural zones. Jacarino [possibly a CIA officer]. Celerino Castillo, a former agent of DEA who dealt with G-2 and CIA in Guatemala, says he worked with Capister as well as with Jacarino. Colonel Alpirez at La Aurora base in Guatemala Denied involvement in deaths of Bamaca and Devine. He said CIA advises and helps run G-2. He praised CIA for "professionalism" and close rapport with Guatemalan officers. He said that agency operatives often come to Guatemala on temporary duty, and train G-2. CIA gives sessions at G-2 bases on "contra-subversion" tactics and "how to manage factors of power" to "fortify democracy." During mid-1980s G-2 officers were paid by Jack McCavitt, then CIA station chief. CIA "technical assistance" includes communications gear, computers and special firearms, as well as collaborative use of CIA-owned helicopters that are flown out of piper hangar at La Aurora civilian airport and from a separate U.S. Air facility. Guatemalan army has, since 1978, killed more than 110,000 civilians. G-2 and a smaller, affiliated unit called Archivo have long been openly known in Guatemala as the brain of the terror state. With a contingent of more than 2,000 agents and with sub-units in local army bases, G-2 coordinates torture, assassination and disappearance of dissidents. CIA Death Squads by Allan Nairn. The Nation, 4/17/1995
Guatemala, 1954-95. For at least five years, Colonel Alpirez was also a well-paid agent for CIA and a murderer, a U.S. Congressman says. Alpirez has been linked to the murder of Michael Devine, an American innkeeper who lived and worked in the Guatemalan jungle, and the torture and killing of Efrain Bamaca Velasquez, a leftist guerrilla who was the husband of Jennifer Harbury. CIA ties began in 1954, when Alpirez was about five years old. The CIA engineered a coup in Guatemala that overthrew a leftist president and installed a right-wing military regime. CIA's station in Guatemala began recruiting young and promising military officers who would provide information on the left-wing guerrillas, the internal workings of Guatemala's intertwined military and political leadership, union members, opposition politicians and others. Alpirez was sent in 1970 to School of the Americas (SOA), an elite and recently much-criticized U.S. Army academy at Fort Benning, Ga. Human-rights groups and members of congress point out that SOA's graduates include Roberto D'Aubuisson, leader of death squads in El Salvador; 19 Salvadoran soldiers named in the 1989 assassination of six Jesuit priests and three soldiers accused of the 1980 rape and murder of four U.S. church workers; Lt. Gen. Raoul Cedars and other leaders of the military junta that ran Haiti from 1991 to 1994; General Hugo Banzer, dictator of Bolivia from 1971 to 1978, and General Manuel Antonio Noriega of Panama, now imprisoned in U.S. In 1970s Alpirez was an officer in a counterinsurgency unit known as Kaibiles. Kaibiles became notorious in the early 1980s, known as scorched earth years, when tens of thousands of Indians were killed as military swept across rural Guatemala, systematically destroying villages. Guatemalan government's own count, campaign left 40,000 widows and 150,000 orphans. In late 1980s, Alpirez served as a senior official of an intelligence unit hidden within the general staff and became a paid agent of CIA who paid him tens of thousands of dollars a year. Intelligence unit, known as "Archivo," or archives, stands accused of assassination, infiltration of civilian agencies and spying on Guatemalans in violation of the nation's Constitution. Archivo works like the CIA. "It was also working as a death squad." New York Times, 3/25/1995
Guatemala, 1954-95. U.S. Undercover agents have worked for decades inside a Guatemalan army unit that has tortured and killed thousands of Guatemalan citizens, per the Nation weekly magazine. "working out of the U.S. Embassy and living in safe houses and hotels, agents work through an elite group of Guatemalan officers who are secretly paid by CIA and implicated personally in numerous political crimes and assassinations ''unit known as G-2 and its secret collaboration with CIA were described by U.S. and Guatemalan operatives and confirmed by three former Guatemalan heads of state. Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez, Guatemalan officer implicated in murders of guerrilla leader Efrain Bamaca Velasquez — husband of an American lawyer — and rancher Michael Devine discussed in an interview how intelligence agency advises and helps run G-2. He said agents came to Central American country often to train G-2 men and he described attending CIA sessions at G-2 bases on "contra-subversion" tactics and "how to manage factors of power" to "fortify democracy" the Nation quoted U.S. and Guatemalan intelligence sources as saying at least three recent G-2 chiefs have been on CIA payroll — General Edgar Godoy Gatan, Colonel Otto Perez Molina and General Francisco Ortega Menaldo. `It would be embarrassing if you ever had a roll call of everybody in Guatemalan army who ever collected a CIA paycheck,'' report quoted Colonel George Hooker, U.S. DIA chief in Guatemala from 1985 to 1989, as saying. Human rights group Amnesty International has said Guatemalan army killed more than 110,000 civilians since 1978 with G-2 and another unit called Archivo known as main death squads. Reuters, 3/30/1995
Guatemala, 1960-90. Human rights groups say at least 40,000 Guatemalans "disappeared" in last three decades. Most were poor Indians. Anthropologists, led by Clyde Snow, dug away at a village site. Maria Lopez had a husband and a son in one grave. She said on morning of Valentine's Day 1982, members of anti-guerrilla militia took her husband and others. They had refused to join militias known as civil self-defense patrols and were killed. Six unknown clandestine graves in San Jose Pacho. Human rights groups blame most disappearances on army-run civil self-defense patrols set up under presidencies of General Lucas Garcia and Brig. Gen. Rios Montt. There are hundreds of clandestine graves filled with victims of the militias, right-wing death squads and brutal counterinsurgency campaigns. Washington Times, 8/5/1992, p. A9
Guatemala, 1970-95. Jennifer Harbury's story. Time, 4/3/1995, p. 48
Guatemala, 1981-95. DIA reports re MLN particularly disturbing, as they raise grave questions about extent of U.S. knowledge of MLN activities in earlier years when MLN leader Mario Sandoval Alarcon was tied to Reagan Administration's efforts to support Contras. Having come to power in 1954 with the CIA-backed overthrow of Colonel Jacobo Arbenze, MLN leader Sandoval was accused in 1980 by Elias Barahona, former press secretary to the Guatemalan Interior Minister, of having worked for CIA. Head of National Congress from 1970 to 1974, at which time he was made vice president, a position he kept until his term expired in 1978, Sandoval is widely regarded as father of Latin America's "death squads." In 1970's, he had a close relationship with Roberto D'Aubuisson, deputy chief of El Salvador's national security agency (Anseal). D'Aubuisson reportedly was behind El Salvador's death squads. Sandoval was so close to Reagan administration that he was one of only two Guatemalans invited to attend Reagan's inauguration. Intelligence — a computerized intelligence newsletter published in France, 4/24/1995, p. 1
Guatemala, 1984-95. Article, "Murder as Policy." Washington was supporting Guatemalan army in a number of ways: green berets trained Kaibul massacre force, the army's self-proclaimed "messengers of death." U.S. openly sold weapons to Guatemala — used in massacre in Santiago Atitlan. Hundreds of U.S. troops (mostly National Guard) helped civic action and road building in massacre zones. The Nation, 4/24/1995, pp. 547-8
Guatemala, 1985-93. CIA collected intelligence re ties between Guatemalan insurgents and Cuba — CIA passed the information to U.S. military, which was assisting Guatemalan army extinguish opposition. Washington Post, 3/30/1995, A1,10
Guatemala, 1985-95. Bombings against military-reformist Christian Democratic Party (DCG) of then President Vinicio Cerezo to topple Cerezo, who perceived as being too soft on rebels. A 10/1988 DIA intelligence report alerted American authorities that MLN, which was involved in "plotting a coup against Cerezo in the past," is "now apparently prepared to use violent tactics to undermine DCG government." MLN "is reportedly planning a bombing campaign directed against members of ruling DCG. MLN intends to use recently obtained explosives to target personal vehicles of DCG Congressional representatives in order to frighten them. After assessing their impact, MLN will consider initiating a second stage of its anti-DCG campaign that will include killing of various individuals. MLN has selected potential targets in Guatemala city. U.S. Army and DIA, getting regular, high-level intelligence from senior Guatemalan army officers and other sources about crimes, notably murder, being committed by Guatemalan army personnel. Source and depth of intelligence raises questions about what U.S. Government actually knew about Guatemalan army complicity in civilian murders in that country throughout the 1980s, including alleged involvement of Guatemalan Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez, then a CIA agent, in 1990 and 1992 murders of American innkeeper Michael Devine and guerrilla fighter Efrain Bamaco Velazquez, husband of an American, Jennifer Harbury." Intelligence — a computerized intelligence newsletter published in France, 4/24/1995, p. 1
Guatemala, 1988-91. CIA station chief in Guatemala from 1988 to 1991 was a Cuban American. He had about 20 officers with a budget of about $5 million a year and an equal or greater sum for "liaison" with Guatemalan military. His job included placing and keeping senior Guatemalan officers on his payroll. Among them was Alpirez, who recruited others for CIA. Alpirez's intelligence unit spied on Guatemalans and is accused by human rights groups of assassinations. CIA also gave Guatemalan army information on the guerrillas. New York Times, 4/2/1995, A11
Guatemala, 1989. 25 students in two years killed by squads. Entire university student association has been silenced. U.S. backed governments in virtual genocide have more than 150,000 victims. AI called this genocide a "government program of political murder." The Nation, 3/5/1990, cover, p. 308
Guatemala, 1990-95. Member of House Intelligence Committee, Robert G. Torricelli (D- NJ.) said, in letter to President Clinton, that a Guatemalan military officer who ordered killings of an American citizen and a guerrilla leader married to a North American lawyer was a paid agent of CIA. CIA knew of killings, but concealed its knowledge for years. Another member of House Intelligence Committee confirmed Torricelli's claims. Torricelli wrote in letter to President that the "Direct involvement of CIA in the murder of these individuals leads me to the extraordinary conclusion that the agency is simply out of control and that it contains what can only be labeled a criminal element." Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez, Bamaca, and Michael Devine. Tim Weiner, New York Times, 3/23/1995
Guatemala, 1990-95. Article, El Buki's Tale — Murder of Michael Devine. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Summer 1995, pp. 32-37
Guatemala, 1990-95. Article, The Agency, Off Target. Two Deaths, a Rogue CIA Informant and a Big Pot of Trouble. Re deaths of Michael Devine and Efrain Bamaca Velasquez — Harbury's husband. CIA paid Colonel Alpirez $43,000 after it learned of cover up of deaths. U.S. News & World Report, 4/10/1995, p. 46
Guatemala, 1990-95. Assassin of Michael Devine and of the husband of Jennifer Harbury, Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez, was on CIA's payroll and had attended School of Americas (SOA) on two separate occasions. In January 1995 when State and NSC pieced together what CIA knew, the ambassador demanded removal of CIA's station chief. CIA fought to stop disclosure of its relationship with the Colonel. Administration officials began to mistrust what CIA was saying about the case. The Colonel first came to U.S. In 1970 as an army cadet at SOA. He returned to SOA in 1989, to take year long Command and General Staff course when he was already on CIA payroll. In 1990, Michael Devine, who ran a hotel, apparently stumbled on a smuggling operation involving Guatemalan military. He was killed. New York Times, 3/24/1995, A3
Guatemala, 1990-95. CIA last month removed its station chief in Guatemala for failing to report promptly information linking a paid CIA informer to the slaying of a Guatemalan guerrilla fighter married to Jennifer Harbury. Guatemalan army Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez, was paid $44,000 by CIA in 1992 for secretly supplying intelligence on the civil war. At time of payment CIA had evidence linking him to the slaying of U.S. citizen Michael Devine (after he found about a military smuggling operation or because he had a weapon). Washington Post, 3/25/1995, A1,20
Guatemala, 1990-95. Clinton has threatened to fire anyone in CIA who withheld information from him about activities of its informant in Guatemala, Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez. What is more likely to be agency's undoing is its failure to tell congress that only six months after he graduated from command-level courses at School of Americas Colonel Alpirez, a member of military intelligence on agency's payroll, ordered murder of a U.S. citizen, William Devine, and then torture-murder of husband of an American woman. White House officials, and President Clinton in particular, were very angry about Guatemalan affair but NSC Anthony lake was arguing that there is no evidence that CIA tried to deceive president. Los Angeles Times reported that late last year State Department found information about Devine murder in its files that appeared to have originated with CIA and had not been passed on to White House. This discovery prompted State Department and White House to ask CIA for more information. State initially asked CIA for information on rebel Commandante Efrain Bamaca Velasquez and received a few modest files. Several weeks later, State again asked CIA for information but this time on "Commandante Everardo," which was Commandante Bamaca's well-known nom de guerre. Only then did CIA produced incriminating data that it held solely under that name. CIA has tried to ease situation with a rare "leak" about itself to press. On 3/24, Los Angeles Times quoted "CIA sources" as saying Agency was only told after the fact that its Guatemalan informant, Colonel Alpirez, was present at killing in 1990 of Devine, a U.S. citizen who ran a popular tourist resort in Guatemala. CIA insisted to the paper that it cut ties with Colonel at that point, but, significantly, sources did not put a date on rupture. That gave it "wiggle room" to say it didn't find out about Colonel's involvement in March 1992 torture-murder of Bamaca until early this year. CIA gave Colonel Alpirez a "final payment" of $44,000 at about time of Bamaca's murder. Per National public radio commentator Daniel Schorr, CIA station chief in Guatemala has been fired for failing to relay information. But New York Times says he was reassigned to Langley in January, after U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala accused him of withholding information. CIA has assigned its inspector General, Fred Hitz, to investigate. CIA station chief in Switzerland, who held a top position at Department of Operations (DO) Latin American Division from 1990 to 1992, is now being questioned, as is Jack Devine, who headed division from January 1983 until last October. He was appointed Associate Deputy Director of Operations in October after John MacGaffin was removed from that post for secretly giving an award to a senior operative who had just been disciplined in Ames case. Devine's successor is a woman, first to direct a DO division. She is in her 50s, was previously station chief in El Salvador, and is said by officials outside CIA to be very forthcoming about case. Intelligence — a computerized intelligence newsletter published in France, 3/27/1995, p. 30
Guatemala, 1990-95. Guatemalan soldiers killed Michael Devine under orders from Colonel Mario Garcia Catalan, per convicted soldier, Solbal. He killed as the army convinced he had bought a stolen rifle. They tortured him before killing him. Solbal says Colonel Alpirez gave food and shelter to the killers. Washington Times, 5/15/1995, A13
Guatemala, 1990-95. Letter from Congressman Torricelli to President Clinton about involvement of CIA in two murders in Guatemala. 3/22/1995
Guatemala, 1990-95. Rep. Robert Torricelli, D-NJ., who is on the HPSCI, has requested an investigation from the Justice Department on role of the CIA in the murder of Michael Devine and Efrain Bamaca Velasquez. Request was made in a letter to President Clinton. Guatemalan intelligence officer who ordered the murders, Colonel Julio Roberto Alpirez, was a paid agent of the CIA. Torricelli claims that the NSA, CIA, State Department., and NSC covered up the involvement of a paid agent in the murders. Devine, who was killed in 1990, was an American citizen and Velasquez, who was killed in 1992, was married to an U.S. Citizen. CNN Headline News, 3/23/1995 and AP, 3/23/1995
Guatemala, 1990-95. Revelations about a CIA informer linked to two murders (Devine and Bamaca) in Guatemala helped exhume embarrassing relationship between U.S. military and intelligence personnel and a Central American regime notorious for human rights violations. Washington Post, 4/2/1995, A29
Guatemala, 1990-95. Tim Weiner article "A Guatemalan Officer and the CIA." Colonel is recalled as a "good soldier" and a murdering spy. New York Times, 3/26/1995
Guatemala, 1990-95. Two colonels suspended in Guatemala for covering up 1990 killing of Michael Devine. One was a paid CIA informant at time of killing. Colonel Mario Garcia Catalan also suspended. Washington Post, 4/27/1995, A29
Guatemala, 1990-95. Wife of Michael Devine discusses slaying of her husband. New York Times, 3/28/1995, A1,6
Guatemala, 1991-94. State Department reported in 1991, that "military, civil patrols and police continued to commit a majority of major human rights abuses, including extrajuridicial killings torture and disappearances." Guatemalan counterinsurgency campaign devised by U.S. counterinsurgency experts Caesar Sereseres and Colonel George Minas. Former served as a consultant to RAND Corporation and State Department's Office of Policy Planning. Minas served as military attache in Guatemala in early 1980s. Both encouraged population control such as Vietnam-style military-controlled strategic hamlets and civilian defense patrols. Today Guatemala is largest warehouse for cocaine transshipments to U.S. Drug trade run by military which tries to blame the leftists. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Spring 1994, pp. 28-33
Guatemala, 1991-95. U.S. Had information in 10/1991 linking a paid CIA informer in slaying of a U.S. citizen. Colonel Roberto Alpirez was dropped from CIA's payroll but remained a contact through 7/1992 — when he allegedly ordered another killing of Efrain Bamaca Velasquez — husband of Jennifer Harbury. Washington Post, 3/24/1995, A1,27
Guatemala, 1992. Rights abuses in Guatemala continue, paramilitary civilian patrols — self defense patrols — accused of campaign of terror, control rural areas. Patrols answer to military. Washington Post, 10/4/1992, A35
Guatemala, 1995. President Clinton said he would dismiss any CIA official who withheld information on death of Jennifer Harbury's husband. Rep Torricelli said CIA withheld information for years. Washington Times, 3/25/1995, A3
Guatemala, 1970-95. Discussion of Torricelli, Harbury, Devine, Bamaco, etc. The death of husband of Harbury not a rogue operation. This was standard operating procedure in El Salvador and Guatemala and elsewhere around the globe. CIA organized death squads, financed them, equipped them, trained them, etc. That's what the CIA does. Once in a decade the U.S. public hears about this. CIA should be abolished. The CIA mislead Congress about the Devine case. Getting rid of CIA is not enough — the CIA did not act alone. The National Security Agency and the Army may have been involved in Guatemala. The Progressive, 5/1995, pp. 8,9
Haiti: Watch List
Haiti, 1986-93. In 1986 the CIA funded the national intelligence service (SIN) under guise of fighting narcotics — but SIN never produced drug intelligence and used CIA money for political operations. Sin involved in spying on so-called subversive groups...they doing nothing but political repression...they targeted people who were for change. CIA used distorted data to discredit Aristide. NACLA (Magazine re Latin America), 2/1994, p. 35
Haiti, 1990-94. Emannuel Constant, leader of Haiti's FRAPH hit squad, worked for CIA and U.S. intelligence helped launch FRAPH. Haiti's dreaded attaches paid for by a U.S. Government-funded project that maintains sensitive files on Haiti's poor. The Nation, 10/24/1994, 458
Haiti, 1990-94. U.S. officials involved in refugee policy have backgrounds suggestive of Phoenix-like program activities. Luis Moreno, State Department, has background in counterterrorism. Gunther Wagner, senior intelligence officer at INS's southwest regional office, assigned to investigate repression against repatriated refugees. Wagner had served as public safety adviser to Vietnamese National Special Branch for 5 years and later advised Somoza's National Guard. INS database on all asylum interviews at Guantanamo. INS, on demand, gave State Department unrestricted access to all interview files. U.S. Officers hand Haitian authorities computer print-outs of names of all Haitians being repatriated. CIA funded service intelligence nacionale (SIN), who's de facto primary function was a war against popular movement — including torture and assassination — a fact admitted by a CIA officer to an official in Aristide's government. U.S. shares "anti-narcotics intelligence" with Haitian military. The Progressive, 4/1994, p. 21
Haiti, 1991-94. Asylum-promoting project gets family information that fed into a computer project that could be used to target for repression. The Progressive, 9/1994, pp. 19-26
Haiti, 1991-94. Seven chief attaches arranged killings and brought victims to houses. Four of the seven worked for Centers for Development and Health (CDS), funded by U.S. AID. One was Gros Sergo, and other was Fritz Joseph who chief FRAPH recruiter in Cite Soleil. Two others are Marc Arthur and Gors Fanfan. CDS files track every family in Cite Soleil. The Nation, 10/24/1994, p. 461
Haiti, 1994. AID programs for Haitian popular groups; Immigration and Naturalization service, with computerized files on 58,000 political-asylum applicants and army intelligence S-2 section of 96th Civil Affairs Battalion assigned to monitor refugees at Guantanamo Bay. Per Capt. James Vick, unit develops networks of informants and works with marine corps counterintelligence in "identifying ringleaders of unrest and in weeding out troublemakers." 96th's files enter military intelligence system. Gunther Wagner, a former Nazi, served with U.S. In Phoenix operation in Vietnam, and in Nicaragua — now heads State Department's Cuba-Haiti task force. Pentagon's Atlantic command commissioned Booz, Allen, Hamilton, to devise a computer model of Haitian society. Results of study given. Priority of study to build an "organized information bank...." no change expected in ruling clique of Haiti. Article by Allan Nairn. The Nation, 10/3/1994, pp. 344-48
Haiti: Death Squads
Haiti. CIA officer assigned 1973-75 Coordination with Ton-Ton Macoute, "Baby Doc" Duvalier's private death squad. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), 9/1980, p. 16
Haiti, 1985-93. CIA created an intelligence service in Haiti: National Intelligence Service, (SIN) from its initials in French, to fight cocaine trade, but unit became instrument of political terror whose officers engaged in drug traffic, killings and torture. Unit produced little drug intelligence. U.S. cut ties to group after 1991 military coup. New York Times, 11/14/1993 pp. 1,12
Haiti, 1986-93 INS database on all asylum interviews at Guantanamo. INS, on demand, gave State Department unrestricted access to all interview files. U.S. officers hand Haitian authorities computer print-outs of names of all Haitians being repatriated. CIA funded service intelligence nacionale (SIN), who's de facto primary function was a war against popular movement — including torture and assassination — a fact admitted by a CIA officer to an official in Aristide's government. U.S. shares "anti-narcotics intelligence" with Haitian military. The Progressive, 4/1994, p. 21
Haiti, 1990-94. Clinton administration denied report CIA helped set up Haiti's pro-army Militia — FRAPH. Officials refused to comment whether FRAPH leader Emmanuel Constant was a paid CIA informant. "Nation" article said Constant worked for both the CIA and the DIA. Colonel Collins of DIA and Donald Terry of CIA were his contacts. Collins urged Constant to set up FRAPH. Mr. Constant, per Washington Times, was a paid U.S. Informant on Haitian political activities and assisting anti-drug efforts. Relationship broken off early this year. FRAPH has been linked to murders, public beatings and arson. CIA officers in past worked with Haiti's national intelligence service. Washington Times, 10/7/1994, A16
Haiti, 1990-94. Emannuel Constant, leader of Haiti's FRAPH hit squad, worked for CIA and U.S. Intelligence helped launch FRAPH. Haiti's dreaded attaches paid for by a U.S. Government-funded project that maintains sensitive files on Haiti's poor. In 10/3/1994, issue of Nation carried Nairn's article "The Eagle is Landing," he quoted a U.S. official praising Constant as a young republican that U.S. Intelligence had encouraged to form FRAPH. Constant confirmed that account. He first said his handler was Colonel Patrick Collins, DIA attache in Haiti, and later claimed another U. S. official urged him to form FRAPH. Collins first approached Constant while he taught a course at HQs of CIA-run national intelligence service (SIN) and built up a computer data base at Bureau of Information and Coordination. FRAPH originally was called Haitian Resistance League. Constant was working for the CIA at SIN while it attacked the poor. The Nation, 10/24/1994, p. 458
Haiti, 1991-94. Emmanuel Constant (son of a Duvalier general), who had been on the CIA payroll since the mid-'1980s. With U.S. intelligence advice, formed FRAPH, a political front and paramilitary death squad offshoot of the Haitian army, that began to systematically target democratic militants and hold the country hostage with several armed strikes. On 10/11/1993, day U.S.S. Harlan County and U.S. and Canadian soldiers were to land, even though CIA had been tipped off, FRAPH organized a dockside demonstration of several dozen armed thugs. Ship turned around. U.S. asylum processing program hand-picked and exported almost 2,000 grassroots leaders. In three years after coup, 7,000-man army and its paramilitary assistants killed at least 3,000 and probably over 4,000 people, tortured thousands, and created tens of thousands of refugees and 300,000 internally displaced people. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Winter 1994/1995, pp. 7-13
Haiti, 1991-94. Haitian paramilitary chief spied for CIA. Emmanuel "Toto" Constant, head of Haiti's notorious FRAPH, secretly provided information to U.S. intelligence while his group killed people. Constant paid by CIA for giving intelligence officers information about Aristide beginning shortly after Aristide ousted in 9/1991 coup. CIA dropped him last Spring. Constant's organization blamed for killing hundreds of supporters of Aristide — and organizing demonstration that drove off U.S. troop-carrying Harlan County last October. In "Nation" article, U.S. Defense Attache, Colonel Patrick Collins, had encouraged Constant to form FRAPH. U.S. intelligence agencies had extensive penetration of Haitian military and paramilitary groups. Using Constant as source may explain why CIA's reporting on Aristide was skewed. FRAPH not formed until 8/1993, 9 months after Collins left Haiti. Washington Post, 10/9/1994, A1,30
Haiti, 1993. Young men kidnapped by armed thugs seldom reappear. Under de facto government, as many as 3000 may have been killed. Aristide negotiating his return with UN. The Nation, 5/3/1993, p. 580
Haiti, 1995. Interview with Allan Nairn, April 1995 "Criminal Habits." Z Magazine 6/1995, pp. 22-9
Honduras: Death Squads
Honduras, 1981-87. Florencio Caballero, who served as a torturer and a member of a death squad, said he was trained in Texas by the CIA. He said he was responsible for the torture and slaying of 120 Honduran and other Latin American citizens. The CIA taught him and 24 other people in a army intelligence unit for 6 months in interrogation. psychological methods — to study fears and weaknesses of a prisoner, make him stand up, don't let him sleep, keep him naked and isolated, put rats and cockroaches in his cell, give him bad food, throw cold water on him, change the temperature. Washington Post, 6/8/1988, B3
Honduras, circa 1982-87. Army Battalion 3/16, a special counterinsurgency force which many considered a kind of death squad, was formed in 1980. Florencio Caballero, a former battalion member, described a clandestine paramilitary structure for repressing leftists. Caballero, who studied interrogation techniques in Houston, said the CIA was extensively involved in training squad members. NACLA 2/1988, p. 15, from New York Times, 5/2/1987
Honduras, March 1986. Apart from CIA training of a battalion implicated in death squad activities and torture, Honduran army defector said CIA arranged a fabricated forced "confession" by kidnapped prisoner that he headed a guerrilla front and had planned attacks against U.S. installations. This in operation truth. Chomsky, N. (1988). The Culture of Terrorism, p. 239
Honduras. General G. Alvarez Martinez, CIA-Contra point man in Honduras, had death squad operation run by Ricardo Lau. Alvarez godfather to new CIA Chief of Station's daughter. Marshall, J., Scott P.D., and Hunter, J. (1987). The Iran-Contra Connection, pp. 78-9
Honduras, 1982-86. Zuniga told congressional staffers about the 316 Battalion established with the knowledge and assistance of the U.S. Embassy. By 1984 more than 200 Honduran teachers, students, labor leaders, and opposition politicians had been murdered. The CIA had knowledge of the killings. Zuniga killed in 9/1985. Mother Jones, 4/1987, p. 48
Honduras. Capt. Alexander Hernandez, a graduate of U.S. International Police services training program, has played a central role in Honduran death squad activities and the war in Nicaragua. Early 1986 New York Times reports that CIA was providing "training and advice in intelligence collection" to Hernandez' unit "as part of a program to cut off arms shipments from Nicaragua to leftist rebels in Honduras and El Salvador." New York Times also says that CIA knew of the assassinations but "looked the other way." The Nation, 6/7/1986, p. 793
Honduras, circa 1981-84. Honduran government established a secret unit that seized, interrogated, tortured, and murdered more than 130 people between 1981-84. Unit named Battalion 316. Unit operated with CIA supervision and training and received U.S. instruction in interrogation, surveillance and hostage rescue. Commander of unit in first years was a graduate of International Police Academy. NA, 2/20/1988, pp. 224-5 The clandestine houses and command post of 316 were visited by CIA agents. NA, 1/23/1988, p. 85
Honduras, Nicaragua, 1982. A Contra commander with the FDN admitted he helped organize a death squad in Honduras with the approval and cooperation of the CIA. Honduran government agreed to host the death squad and provide it with cover, since the group would kill Honduran dissidents at the government's request. The commander admitted he participated in assassinations. CIA "Colonel Raymond" congratulated the squad. The Progressive, 8/1986, p. 25
Honduras, Nicaragua, 1984-85. Honduran army investigators report that Contras have been involved in death-squad killings in Honduras. At least 18 Hondurans and an unknown number of Salvadorans and Nicaraguans have been killed by the Contras. Washington Post, 1/15/1985, A12
Honduras, 1980-83. Agents of Battalion 316, a Honduran death squad, received interrogation training in Texas from CIA in 1980. CIA agents maintained contact with unit in early 1980's, visiting detention centers during interrogation and obtaining intelligence gleaned from torture victims. See Americas Watch "Human Rights in Honduras" (May 1987). Dillon, S. (1991). Commandos, p. 101
Honduras, 1980-83. Gustavo Alvarez, formerly head of police, in 1981 a general running entire armed forces. Worked closely with U.S. on Contras. Alvarez had organized military intelligence Battalion 316 — first Honduran death squad. Argentines sent 15-20 officers to work with Alvarez on Contras. Senior officer Osvaldo Riveiro. Garvin, G. (1992). Everybody Has His Own Gringo, p. 41
Honduras, 1980-89. CIA and State Department worked with a Honduran military unit called Battalion 316 during the 1980s. Unit was responsible for cracking down on dissidents. AP, 6/12/1995. Honduran special prosecutor for human rights asking the U.S. to turn over classified information on Ambassadors John Negroponte and Chris Arcos and several CIA agents connected to the disappearance of dissidents in the 1980s. AP, 6/13/1995
Honduras, 1980-89. Colonel Gustavo Alvarez Martinez shot to death in 1989. Alvarez spent years networking with fascists and ultra right terrorists who in World Anti-communist League and its sister organization, the Latin American Anti-communist Confederation, or CAL. He most famous for streamlining Honduras's death squads and uniting them under his control. Alvarez gathered together the National Front for the Defense of Democracy, the Honduran Anti-communist Movement (MACHO), and the Anti-communist Combat Army — death squads all — and combined them with several governmental forces, including the Fuerzas de Seguridad Publica (FUSEP), Departmento Nacional de Investigaciones (DIN), and Tropas Especiales Para Selva y Nocturnas (TESON). With Director of Central Intelligence Casey, Alvarez and Negroponte turned Honduras into a staging ground for Contra incursions into Nicaragua. Honduran Congress issued Decree 33, which declared terrorist anyone who distributed political literature, associated with foreigners, joined groups deemed subversive by the government, damaged property, or destroyed documents. Alvarez's forces murdered upwards of 500 people. He ousted as Honduras's dictator in 1984 and became special consultant to RAND Corporation. Lies of our Time, 3/1994, pp. 3-5
Honduras, 1980-89. Eleven senior officers who are believed to have been involved with Battalion 316 have been convicted on charges of kidnapping, torturing and attempting to murder six students in 1982. Officers include one general, nine colonels, and one captain. AP, 7/25/1995
Honduras, 1980-89. See entry in Liaison from Baltimore Sun, 6/11-18/1995
Honduras, 1980-93. CIA-trained death squad issue in presidential campaign. In early 1980s, Battalion 3-16, of Honduran military whose members instructed by and worked with CIA "disappeared" scores of activists. Both candidates accusing other of connections to Battalion 3-16. In 1980 25-Honduran officers to U.S. for training per sworn testimony in International Court by Honduran intelligence officer who participated — Florencio Caballero. Group trained in interrogation by a team from FBI and CIA. Training continued in Honduras. U.S. Trainers joined by instructors from Argentina and Chile — sessions focused on surveillance and rescuing kidnap victims. Battalion 3-16 engaged in a program of systematic disappearances and murder from 1981 to 1984. By March 1984, 100-150 students, teachers, unionists and travelers picked up and secretly executed. Squads, according to Inter-American Court of Human Rights, belonged to 3-16. Squads modus operandi included weeks of surveillance of suspects followed by capture by disguised agents using vehicles with stolen license plates, interrogation, torture in secret jails followed by execution and secret burial. CIA's connection to 3-16 confirmed by General Alvarez, who created and commanded squad from 1980 through 1984. He later became chief of police and then head of the armed forces. Alvarez said CIA "gave good training, lie detectors, phone-tapping devices and electronic equipment to analyze intelligence." CIA men informed when 3-16 abducted suspected leftists. When bodies found, 3-16 put out story they killed by guerrillas. CIA looked other way. Ambassador Negroponte in 1982 denied existence of death squads. State Department was attacking as communist, anti-democratic and a terrorist group, Committee for Defense of Human Rights in Honduras that was exposing 3-16. In a barracks coup, Alvarez forced into exile in Miami and became paid consultant to Pentagon writing study on low-intensity conflict. Members of 3-16 still in positions of power in government. Congressional intelligence committee in 1988 looked into CIA's role with 3-16, but findings never published. Op-ed by Anne Manuel. Washington Post, 11/28/1993, C5
Honduras, 1982-83. Ex-guard Benito "Mack" Bravo reportedly killed dozens of Contra recruits at his La Ladosa training base near El Paraiso. Mack suspected many were Sandinista infiltrators. In one case, FDN ordered four ex-guardsmen executed for insubordination and allegedly selling arms to El Salvador's FMLN. They also had been accused of killing recruits. Honduran military participated in the execution. Dillon, S. (1991). Commandos, pp. 118-124
Honduras, 1988. Director human rights commission in Honduras and associate killed by assassins. The Progressive, 2/1990, p. 46
Honduras, 1988. Honduran human rights leader Ramon Custodio Lopez accused Battalion 3-16 of murdering a politician and a teacher on 14 January 1988. Custodio relied on testimony by former battalion member sergeant Fausto Caballero. In 11/30/1988. Honduras was condemned by Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 1988 for disappearance of Angel Manfredo Velazquez. Battalion 3-16, along with DNI (Directorate of National Intelligence), and FUSEP (National Police) were implicated, all of which have received training from CIA. Intelligence Parapolitics, 9/1988, p. 8
Honduras, 1988. Jose Isaias Vilorio, an intelligence officer and former death squad member, was shot dead on 1 January 1988. Isaias was to testify before Inter-American Court on Human Rights (New York Times, 20 January 1988). Human rights leader and legislator Miguel Pavon was killed on 14 January 1988 after testifying before Inter-American Court. Also killed was Moises Landaverde, a teacher who was riding in Pavon's car at the time of attack. Intelligence Parapolitics, 3/1988, p. 12
Honduras, Argentina, 1980-89. A survivor tells her story: treatment for a leftist — kicks and freezing water and electric shocks. In between, a visitor from CIA. CIA worked closely with the Honduran military while the military tortured and killed dissidents during the 1980s, human rights groups said. A government official also said Argentine military advisers, with U.S. support, were brought in to help monitor leftist activism. "At least nine Argentine military (officers), supported by the CIA, trained many Honduran officers to prevent communism from entering Honduras," said Leo Valladares of the government's human rights commission. Bertha Oliva, head of committee of relatives of the disappeared, claimed CIA knew of disappearances by Honduran security forces and that "the U.S. Embassy had absolute power in this country." in the first of a series of four articles, the Baltimore Sun reported Sunday that CIA and the State Department collaborated with a secret Honduran military unit known as Battalion 316 in the 1980s in cracking down on Honduras dissidents. Following a 14-month investigation. In order to keep up public support for Reagan administration's war efforts in Central America, U.S. officials misled congress and the public about Honduran military abuses. Collaboration was revealed in classified documents and in interviews with U.S. and Honduran participants. Among those interviewed by the Sun were three former Battalion 316 torturers who acknowledged their crimes and detailed the battalion's close relationship with CIA. Ramon Custodio, president of non-government human rights commission, said a former member of Battalion 316, Florencio Caballero, disclosed that CIA in early 1980s took 24 soldiers to the U.S. for training in anti-subversive techniques. At the time, Custodio said, "Honduras' policy was oriented to detaining and summarily executing those who did not please the government or the military." Battalion 316 was created in 1984 and its first commander was General Luis Alonso Discua, current armed forces chief. A government report subsequently blamed it in the cases of 184 missing people. Baltimore Sun, 6/15/1995
Honduras, Israel. During Contra war Honduran military intelligence officers on double salary from CIA and Colombian drug cartels, who saw advantage of using Honduran airstrips for transiting cocaine under cover of war effort. Israelis also trained Honduran death squads. Cockburn, A. and Cockburn, L. (1991). Dangerous Liaison, p. 225
Honduras, Assassinations, 1980-84. CIA and Contras accused of running Honduran death squads, killing over 200. CIA officials "looked the other way" when people disappeared. Violence tapered off after ouster of CIA backed military commander Alvarez. Ricardo Lau running Contra intelligence, also death squads. Accused arranging assassination Archbishop Romero in El Salvador. Marshall, J., Scott P.D., and Hunter, J. (1987). The Iran-Contra Connection, pp. 132-3
Indonesia: Watch List
Indonesia, 1963-65. U.S. trained unionist spies laid groundwork for post 1965 coup gestapu massacre of leftists by gathering intelligence on leftist unionists. Counterspy, Winter 1979, p. 27
Indonesia, 1965-66. "U.S. officials' lists aided Indonesian blood bath in '60s." U.S. officials supplied the names of thousands of members of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) to the army that was hunting them down and killing them in a crackdown branded as one of the century's worst massacres, former U.S. Diplomats and CIA officials say. Robert J. Martens, Former member of embassy's political section said, "it really was a big help to the army.... They probably killed a lot of people..." Martens said. He headed an embassy group of state Department and CIA officials that spent two years compiling the lists. He said he delivered them to an army intermediary. The lists were a detailed who's who of the leadership of the PKI that included names of provincial, city and other local PKI members and leaders of mass organizations. Ambassador Marshall Green, his deputy Jack Lydman, and political section chief Edward Masters admitted approving the release of the names. Army intermediary was an aide to Adam Malik. The aide, Tirta Kentjana Adhyatman, confirmed that he had met with Martens and received lists of thousands of names...given to Sukarno's HQs. Information on who captured and killed came to Americans from Suharto's HQs, according to former CIA deputy chief of station Joseph Lazarsky. Lazarsky said "we were getting a good account in Jakarta of who was being picked up,"..."the army had a 'shooting list' of about 4,000 to 5,000 people." Lazarsky said the check-off work was also carried out at CIA's intelligence directorate in D.C. By end of January 1966, "the checked off names were so numerous the CIA analysts in Washington concluded the PKI leadership had been destroyed." Washington Post, 5/21/1990, A5
Indonesia, 1965-66. In response to Kathy Kadane's May 21 article in Washington Post, Robert J. Martens responds "it is true I passed names of PKI leaders and senior cadre system to non-communist forces during the six months of chaos between the so-called coup and the ultimate downfall of Sukarno. The names I gave were based entirely on Indonesian communist press and were available to everyone. This was senior cadre system of the PKI few thousand at most out of the 3.5 millions claimed party members. I categorically deny that I headed an embassy group that spent two years compiling the lists." Washington Post, 6/2/1990, A18
Indonesia, 1985. Indonesia: years of living dangerously. CIA's role in bloody coup in Indonesia in 1965. Utne Reader. 2/1991, p. 38, two pages
Indonesia: Death Squads
Indonesia, 1965-66 Indonesian generals approached U.S. for equipment "to arm Moslem and nationalist youths for use in central Java against the PKI." Washington responded by supplying covert aid, dispatched as "medicines." Washington Post, 6/13/1990, A 22
Indonesia, 1965-66. Kathy Kadane's story for States News Service disclosed part played by CIA and State Department officials in 1965-66 blood bath in Indonesia. Kadane reported that U.S. officials in Jakarta furnished names of about 5,000 communist activists to the Indonesian army and then checked off the names as the army reported the individuals had been killed or captured. The Nation, 7/9/1990, p. 43
Indonesia, 1965. CIA and State Department officials provided name lists to Indonesian army that killed 250,000. The Progressive, 7/10/1990, p. 9
Indonesia, 1965. Ex-agents say CIA compiled death lists for Indonesians. San Francisco Examiner, 5/20/1990
Indonesia, 1965-66. Article by Michael Vatikiotis and Mike Fonte; Rustle of Ghosts. (1965 Indonesian coup). Far Eastern Economic Review, 8/2/1990, 2 pages
Indonesia, 1965-85. Death squads roam at will, killing subversives, suspected criminals by thousands. Blum, W. (1986). The CIA A Forgotten History, p. 221
Iran: Watch List
Iran, 1953-54. CIA gave Shah intelligence on Tudeh party facilitate anti-Tudeh Campaign. Gasiorowski, M.J. (1990). "Security Relations Between the United States and Iran, 1953-1978," p. 150
Iran, 1953-64. CIA station chiefs in regular contact with Shah and working level liaison relationship with SAVAK established by 5-man training team and smaller unit in SAVAK HQs for several years after training team left. CIA and SAVAK exchanged intelligence including information on Tudeh party. Gasiorowski, M.J. (1990). "Security relations between the United States and Iran, 1953-1978," pp. 255-56
Iran, 1953. CIA prepared an arrest list for the overthrow operation. Copeland, M. (1989). The Game Player, p. 190
Iran, 1953. U.S. Army colonel working for CIA under cover of military attache worked to organize and train intelligence organization for Shah. Trained on domestic security, interrogation. Primary purpose of (Bakhtiar's intelligence unit later to become SAVAK) to eliminate threats to Shah. Gasiorowski, M.J. (1990). "Security Relations Between the United States and Iran, 1953-1978" p. 150
Iran, 1954. Year after coup American cryptographic experts and CIA agent played important part in rooting out conspiracy army officers linked to Tudeh Party. Kwitny, J. (1984). Endless Enemies, p. 165
Iran. During Shah's reign, thousands people killed. Many killed at Shah's directive. Rafizadeh, M. (1987). Witness, p. 134
Iran, 1983. CIA identifies to Iranian government 200 leftists who were then executed. The Nation, 12/13/1986, p. 660
Iran, 1983. In 1983, when the Tudeh party was closed down, the CIA gave the Khomeni government a list of USSR KGB agents operating in Iran. Two hundred suspects were executed, 18 USSR diplomats expelled and Tudeh party leaders imprisoned. Washington Post, 1/13/1987, A1,8
Iran, 1983. To curry favor with Khomeni, the CIA gave his government a list of USSR KGB agents and collaborators operating in Iran. The Khomeni regime then executed 200 suspects and closed down the communist Tudeh party. Khomeni then expelled 18 USSR diplomats, and imprisoned the Tudeh leaders. Washington Post, 11/19/1986, A28
Iraq: Watch List
Iraq, 1963. CIA supplied lists of communists to Baath party group that led coup so that communists could be rounded up and eliminated. Cockburn, A. and Cockburn, L. (1991). Dangerous Liaison, p. 130
Israel: Death Squads
Israel. Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir headed a special hit squad during his ten years in Mossad. Shamir headed the assassination unit from 1955-64 that carried out attacks on perceived enemies and suspected Nazi war criminals. Shamir recruited former members of the Stern Gang. Washington Times, 7/4/1992, A8
Israel, 1992. Article, "How Israeli Commandos Are Waging an Undercover War In Occupied Territories." In January 1992, Israeli army launched all-out offensive to end "Red Intifadeh." Undercover units "Arabized" produced a rash of deaths under controversial circumstances leading to claims commando units are death squads. Since Intifadeh began in 1987, 775 Palestinians killed; 680 more slain by their brethren mostly for collaboration. Human-rights organizations contend Sayarot shoot first and ask questions later. Time 8/31/1992, pp. 49-50
Israel, 1992. Israel's assassination squad, Duvdevan or Cherry has killed one of its own by mistake. Intelligence Newsletter, 7/23/1992, p. 5
Israel, 1992. Israeli army had discharged commander of undercover unit for issuing orders to shoot at Palestine activists. Unit code-named Samson has had three commanders fired or placed on trial within three years. More than 30 Palestinians killed this year by undercover troops, who usually dress as Arabs. Washington Post, 8/26/1992, A14
Israel, Honduras, 1981-89. In 1981 Leo Gleser, "co-owner" of International Security and Defense Systems (ISDS) — a leading Israeli "security" firm (Israeli Foreign Affairs 2/1987, 5/1987, /1987, 2/1988, 3/1989) identified repeatedly as an Israeli entity — began building Battalion 316, a unit of Honduran military intelligence which disappeared, tortured, then killed its victims. Honduran General Walter Lopez Reyes who C-I-C Honduran armed forces 1984-86, said "we had Israeli advisers in Special Forces. They seconded to Special Forces by Israeli mod, although they came officially as non-governmental." Their front [was] they [were] training security groups but [they really gave] special operations courses on how take over buildings, planes, hostages...Contras also taking courses... coordination between them and CIA. Israeli Foreign Affairs, 4/1989, p. 1,4
Israel, South Africa, 1986-91. Israel trained members of Inkatha hit squads aimed at African National Congress, a disillusioned former leader of Zulu organization has revealed. Israeli Foreign Affairs, 2/20/1992, p. 3
Israel. Ranks as fifth largest exporter of arms in world, according CIA estimates, and has become essential element global counterinsurgency business. "Hit lists" used by death squads in Guatemala have been computerized with Israeli assistance and Uzi machine guns the standard weapon of death squads. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Summer 1988, p. 5
Italy: Watch List
Italy, 1950-59. All Italian "SIFAR" counterespionage officers collected biographies on every deputy and senator. List increased to include Ecclesiastics: 45,000 dossiers on them alone, 157,000 altogether, 30,000 dealing with Italians in world of business and industry. Drop copies went to CIA. De Lorenzo's outfit to become a tool for CIA. Tompkins, P. (Unpublished manuscript). Strategy of Terror, pp. 8-12
Italy, 1959-67. Carabinieri drew up plan Piano Solo — for paramilitary to intervene in order to restore public order. Secret services had massive program of surveillance of Italian political and business figures. This partly intended to identify left-wing suspects who would be rounded up and imprisoned in concentration camps on Sardinia. Investigation revealed creation of personal intelligence dossiers began in 1959 and 157,000 files amassed. SIFAR (military intelligence) dossiers emphasized unfavorable significance. SIFAR dossiers routinely deposited at CIA HQs. SIFAR planed microphones in Papal apartments and President's Rome residence. Operation ordered by de Lorenzo at request of CIA station chief Colby. Some years earlier Rome CIA station chief Thomas Karamessines had asked General de Lorenzo, then head of SIFAR, for dossiers on [left-leaning] politicians and in particular for Moro's circle of collaborators. Willan, P. (1991). Puppetmasters, pp. 35-7
Italy, 1960-70. General de Lorenzo, whose SIFAR became SID, implemented new Gladio project to neutralize subversive elements. Known as parallel SID, it reached into nearly every institution. Group set up at request of Americans and NATO. Knights of Malta, as well as freemasonry, and its most notorious lodge — Propaganda Due, or P-2, far more influential. Licio Gelli, a knight. Joined U.S. Army's CIC. To ferret out dissidents, they prepared watch lists on thousands. 157,000 files found in Ministry of Interior. CIA obtained duplicates. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Summer 1994, p. 24
Italy, 1960-70. Operation Solo — a planned coup against a leftist government did not occur — but it was based on Operation Gladio. Giovanni de Lorenzo, as chief of secret services, compiled dossiers, including tapes and photos, on some 150,000 people — priests, politicians and unionists. He drew up plan to arrest many politicians, take over radio and TV, seize offices and newspapers of left-wing parties. De Lorenzo was organizing a duplicate of Operation Gladio in case left gained too much power. "Statewatch" compilation, filed June 1994
Latin America: Death Squads
Latin America, labor. AIFLD collected detailed information about Latin American labor leaders under pretext surveys necessary for AID-financed worker's housing projects. AIFLD able obtain personal and political history union members, with address and photos. Given CIA role in Chile, Uruguay and Brazil coups, among others, it probable this information passed to military regimes and their secret police. DL p. 238 from Lernoux, P. (1982). Cry of the People. pp. 212, 220
Liaison, 1960. Target lists maintained by all Western Hemisphere division stations. Maintain in case local government asks for assistance in preventive detention of dangerous persons. Agee, P. (1975). Inside the Company: CIA Diary, p. 114
Latin America. CIA organizes right wing terrorist organizations that attack and assassinate leftist politicians and others without implicating foreign governments. Groups include "La Mano Blanco" and "Ojo Por Ojo" (Guatemala), "La Banda" (Dominican republic), and "Death Squad" (Brazil). Counterspy, 3/1973, p. 4
Latin America. CIA trained assassination groups such as Halcones in Mexico, the Mano Blanca in Guatemala, and the Escuadron de la Muerte in Brazil. NACLA (magazine re Latin America) 8/1974, p. 11
Latin America, 1953-84. The activities of the death squads, formed under CIA sponsorship in 1954 Are loosely controlled by an international organization known as La Mano Blanco (the White Hand). The front group is the CAL, Latin American Anti-communist Federation, the Latin American affiliate of the World Anti-communist League. Jack Anderson, Washington Post, 1/13/1984
Latin America. Terrorist groups created in most countries. Groups such as "La Mano Blanco" attack and assassinate leftist politicians and others feared by military governments, doing so without implicating police or military. CIA implicated in attempts to organize the right into terrorist organizations. Counterspy, __/1973, p. 4
Latin America, 1960-95. Colonel Alpirez accused killer of American innkeeper and guerrilla leader, graduated from School of Americas in 1989. Other notable alumni include: Manuel Noriega and Omar Torrijos, former Panamanian strongmen; Roberto D'Aubuisson, leader of Salvadoran death squads; Roberto Viola and Leopoldo Galtieri, leaders of argentine dirty war; Michael Francois, former Haitian police chief; 19 of 27 Salvadoran officers cited for murder of six Jesuit priests; 10 of 12 Salvadoran officers involved in El Mozote massacre; 105 of 247 Colombian officers cited for human rights violations in 1992; and, former dictators of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Time. 4/10/1995, p. 20
Latin America, 1976. An Argentinean told Scherrer, legal attache (FBI) Santiago, that Operation Condor, a nascent program among military intelligence services of some Latin American countries designed to locate and eliminate one another's fugitive terrorists and exiled dissidents. Ambitious leader of Chilean DINA trying to institutionalize process. Branch, T. and Proper, E. (1983). Labyrinth, p. 123
Latin America, Operation Condor, Paraguay, 1970-92. 12/1992 a Paraguayan judge in a police station found documentary history of decades of repression and U.S. intelligence cooperation with Paraguay and other regional dictatorships. Archives detail fates of hundreds, possibly thousands, of Latin Americans secretly kidnapped by right-wing regimes of the 1970s. Paper trail revealing elusive conspiracy among security services of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay to eliminate foes without regard to borders. Sketchy outlines of Operation Condor, can be partially filled in. Some of documents already disappeared. Finders had unearthed jumbled mountain of papers outlining police and military intelligence activities during recently overthrown Stroessner regime. HQs of Paraguayan technical police revealed more documents. 4 tons records. Data confirmed arrest and killing of politicians and exchange of prisoners with Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Discovered documents a bombshell that led to arrest of some of Stroessner's old regime. Southern Cone repression killed 50,000, disappeared 30,000 — the majority in Argentina and 400,000 imprisoned. U.S. gave inspiration, financing and technical assistance for repression. CIA's technical services division (TSD), provided electrical torture equipment. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Fall 1994, pp. 7-13
Latin America, 1993. James Carroll wrote editorial about U.S. Army's School of Americas in Fort Benning. It is "the U.S. school that teaches militaries how to torture." Among renowned alumni are various Latin American strongmen, including dictators in Bolivia, Argentina, El Salvador and Panama. In Peru 6 of army officers charged with recent murders of 9 students were School of Americas alumni. In Honduras, 4 of the high-ranking officers who helped create "Battalion 316" death squad graduated from the school. In Columbia, the list of officers designated by human rights organizations as worst offenders reads like an honor roll from Fort Benning. In El Salvador, 2 of 3 officers cited for the assassination of Archbishop Romero, 3 of 5 convicted of killing 3 Maryknoll nuns and their lay associate, and 19 of the 26 officers implicated by United Nations. "Truth Commission" investigation of murder of Jesuits, were graduates. "For decades alumni of the School of Americas have helped fill morgues and mass graves of an entire continent." Colonel Louis Michel Francois has been most closely linked to Haiti death squads, and he is an alumni of the school just as is General Raoul Cedars one of those CIA agents. Z Magazine, 2/1994, p. 24
Mexico: Death Squads
Mexico, 1957-89. The Mexican DFS (Federal Security Directorate) like many Western-hemisphere intelligence organizations was creation of CIA. DFS has state of the art computer and records systems. Through DFS CIA able to keep tabs on all embassies in Mexico City. DFS works closely with U.S. In the suppression of leftists and political parties. In early 1970s, Nazar created the Brigada Blanca, a right-wing death squad that killed hundreds, probably thousands of Mexican students and political activists. Zacaris Osorio Cruz, a member of death squad, testified in Canada that, between 1977-82, he part of team that killed between 60-150 people. Penthouse, 12/1989
Mexico, 1977-89. U.S. looked the other way when Nazar, head of DFS used his infallible (interrogation) techniques on behalf American agencies while he carried out hundreds, perhaps thousands of political executions of Mexican leftists and political dissidents. DFS (Federal Security Directorate) administering drug traffic. Penthouse, 12/1989
Nicaragua: Watch List
Joseph Adams, a former Marine intelligence officer, who served as chief of security for Aldolfo Calero, helped maintain a list of civilians marked for assassination when Contra forces entered Nicaragua. The Progressive, 3/1987, p. 24
Nicaragua: Death Squads
Nicaragua, 1983-89. Enrique Bermudez, a Contra leader, said in Contra raids on economic targets in northern Nicaragua, particularly coffee plantations and farming cooperatives, any resistance brought brutal retribution. Commandantes in field authorized to select those to die. Bermudez ordered prisoners to have throats cut rather than waste bullets. Terrell, J., and Martz, R. (1992). Disposable Patriot, p. 149
Nicaragua, 1985-89. "Death squad" reports re Sandinistas first circulated by the CIA-funded Puebla Institute in 1991 as coming from the UN and OAS. When checked out, this proved to be not true. Unclassified, 9/1992, p. 14
Nicaragua, circa 1940-79. Under name Anti-Communist League Nicaragua. Conservative estimates say 30,000 died four decades prior 1978-79 civil war. Lernoux, P. (1982). Cry of the People. pp. 81, 94
Norway: Watch List
Norway, 1947-90. Operation Gladio, formed in 1947, kept track of communists and became part of intelligence service in 1948. Norwegian branch exposed in 1978, when an arms cache discovered. "Statewatch" compilation filed June 1994, p. 12
Panama: Watch List
Panama, 1989-90. U.S. says 90 prisoners now held in Panama. Most of those detained had been picked up by U.S. Forces based on wanted lists compiled by U.S. and Panamanian authorities. Washington Post, 1/19/1990, A16
Panama, 1989. Several hundred people on list Endarra government seeks to detain. They arrested by U.S. troops. Most political activists and labor leaders were wanted. The Nation, 1/29/1990, p. 115
Paraguay: Watch List
Paraguay, 1972-83. The Paraguayan government expelled an author and released a document supplied by the U.S. Embassy. The document, marked secret, includes the author among a list of Paraguayans said to have visited the USSR bloc. Washington Post 2/5/1983, A1,21
Philippines: Death Squads
Philippines. Article "Death Squads in the Philippines," by Doug Cunningham. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly), Winter 1988 pp. 22-3
Philippines. Military used hunter killer unit called scout rangers to find enemy and either attack or report back to battalion combat teams. Blaufarb, D.S. (1977). The Counterinsurgency Era, p. 28
Philippines. Probable U.S. support for vigilante death squads in the Philippines. Used in coordination with other programs making up a total low intensity conflict profile. National Reporter, Fall 1987, pp. 24-30
Philippines, 1950-54. Military man who helped Lansdale was Charles Bohannan and Lansdale's chief Filipino associate was Colonel Napoleon Valeriano whose "skull squadrons" beheaded suspected Huks. Karnow, S. (1989). In Our Image, p. 350
Philippines, 1969-83. Marcos' land reform failed and he approved creation of "Monkees" a group used to intimidate and even murder Marcos' rivals. Karnow, S. (1989). In Our Image. p.378
Philippines, 1973-83. In Philippines 1,166 persons were killed from 1972-83. Human rights groups say most of victims were opponents of President Marcos. Washington Post, 4/12/1984, A21
Philippines, 1986-87. "Vigilante Terror" a report of CIA-inspired death squads in the Philippines. National Reporter, Fall 1987, pp. 24-31
Philippines, 1986. See chapter "Direct U.S. Role in Counterinsurgency." includes psywar operations, vigilante and death squads. USIA anti-communist campaign of distributing films and written materials. Film "Amerika" shown. Use of Asian-American Free Labor Institute Operations. In 1985, AAFLI spent up to $4 million on organizational efforts, the money coming from the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). Bello, W. (1987). U.S. Sponsored Low Intensity Conflict in the Philippines
Philippines, March 1986. Reagan signs finding increasing CIA involvement in Philippine counterinsurgency operations. New Aquino government is allegedly perpetrating a purge of opposition, carried out by more than 50 death squads. Ramsey Clark, who investigated death squad activity in 1987, wrote in June that "the victims of vigilante violence are overwhelmingly poor farmers, workers, slum dwellers, and others who are pushing for significant land reform, wage increases and protection workers' rights, as well as those who oppose U.S. military bases." Upsurge in death squad activities are coincident with increased CIA aid and was preceded by visit to Philippines by Maj. Gen. John Singlaub. The Nation, 9/19/1987, pp. 259-60
Puerto Rico: Watch List
Puerto Rico. FBI has institutionalized repression. It created "subversive" lists with names of more than 150,000 "independentistas" who often find themselves thrown out of work. FBI agents organized and trained death squads within the Puerto Rican police department NACLA (magazine re Latin America), 8/1990, p. 5
Puerto Rico: Death Squads
Puerto Rico, 1978. "Puerto Rico's Death Squad Requiem on Cerro Maravilla: the Police Murders in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Government Cover-up." A book by Manuel Suarez reviewed in the Progressive, 12/1988, pp. 40-42
Russia: Watch List
Russia, 1994. FBI to open Moscow office with an eye on nuclear trafficking. FBI has about 20 posts abroad at U.S. Embassies with its agents serving as legal attaches. They range in size from one agent to as many as eight, plus support staff. FBI director Freeh said the FBI working to set up joint police/intelligence data base with authorities in Russia and Germany. Washington Times, 5/26/1994, A3
South Africa: Watch List
South Africa, 1962. A tip from a paid CIA informant led to 1962 arrest of Nelson Mandela leader of the African National Congress. A CIA officer claimed "we have turned Mandela over to the South African security branch." Washington Post, 6/11/1990, A18
South Africa: Death Squads
South Africa. Article, "South African Death Squad Plot: A Missing Piece to a Puzzle the Media Won't Solve," by Jane Hunter. Extra, 11/1992, p. 26 South Africa. See article "South African Death Squads." Covert Action Information bulletin (Quarterly) Summer 1990, pp. 63-66
South Africa, 1980-89. Details of South Africa's death squads by a former police Captain Dirk Coetzee. Group tracked and killed ANC activists in Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho. Newsweek, 11/27/1989, p. 56
South Africa, 1980-90. Apartheid's fiercest warriors in 1980s were South Africa's army special forces, police force known as Koevoet (crowbar), and Portuguese-speaking "buffalo" battalion who ran a campaign of assassination and sabotage against the African National Congress. Newsweek, 9/14/1992, p. 45
South Africa, 1991-92. 75 COSATU (labor union) members killed during past two years by security forces. Many other attacks. Briarpatch magazine (Canada), 10/1992, pp. 55-6
South Africa, 1992. Slaughter in South Africa. Newsweek 9/21/1992, p. 57
South America: Watch List
South America, 1970-79. U.S. Legal attache Buenos Aires, FBI agent Robert Scherrer, sent cable to D.C. Describing operation. Operation Condor the code-name for collection, exchange and storage intelligence re leftists, communists and Marxists. Established between cooperating intelligence services in South America to eliminate Marxist activities. Operation provided for joint operation against targets in member countries...third and secret phase of operation involves formation of special teams from member countries who travel anywhere in world to carry out sanctions up to assassination against terrorists from member countries. Special team from Operation Condor could be sent to locate and surveil target. When located, a second team would be sent to carry out sanction. 1979 Senate Report, based on CIA files, says "such a phase three operation planned in 1974 and planned on killing 3 European leftists" — one Carlos. Plot foiled when CIA discovered it and warned host countries — France and Portugal. U.S. military officers sent under auspices of AID oversaw formation of technical police. One folder of archives has correspondence between Paraguayan ministers and U.S. Army Colonel Robert Thierry, who was serving as "public administration adviser," who supervised formation of the technical police. Letters from FBI agent Scherrer advising Paraguayan police re targets. CIA also worked with Paraguayans. Deputy DCI, Vernon Walters, visited country in 1976 who apparently approved abortive effort to get false passports for 2 Chilean DINA agents — Armando Fernandez and Michael Townley — who en route to U.S. To assassinate Orlando Letelier. The case of Eugenio Berios. Covert Action Information Bulletin (Quarterly) 12, 57, 8, 9
South America: Death Squads
South America, 1976. Letelier killed by right wing Cuban exiles called "Gusanos" who are paid and trained by CIA and "Chilean Gestapo" DINA. Gusanos regularly engage in terrorism against Cuba and Latin American and Caribbean countries. Tactics include blowing up airplanes, embassies, fishing boats, and kidnappings. Gusanos connected with police of other right wing governments such as Venezuela. Certain gusano operations directed by CIA; Other unilateral operations of DINA. Counterspy, 12/1976, p. 10
Syria: Watch List
Syria, 1949. Following CIA coup of March 1949 CIA officer reported over "400 Commies" arrested. Middle East Journal 57.
Syria, 2005/2008
Syria signals little cooperation with Hariri court, After the meeting of Walid Al-Moallem, the Syrian Foreign Minister, with CONDI RICE IN "SHARM" and her tacit approval of the maneuvers to Cover Syria's and CIA/MOSSAD murderers....
Syria will not cooperate with a U.N.-backed tribunal to try the number one Syrian suspect, ASSEF SHAWKAT, and Maher Asswad in the killing of a former Lebanese premier if the court takes actions that undermine Syrian sovereignty, Bashar al-Asswad said.
"We have nothing "directly" to do with the court, since our master is CONDI. Any cooperation requested from Syria that compromises national sovereignty is totally rejected," Asswad told a parliament session in the Syrian capital.
"Some don't differentiate between cooperation and abandoning sovereignty. The abandonment of sovereignty means that Syrian law no longer protects Syrian citizens," Hence Condi's protection , Asswad said.
Diplomats said the comments indicated that it would be difficult for Syria to cooperate with the tribunal if it indicts Syrian officials, but Condi will see to it that no one is indicted .
Asswad has repeatedly denied any Syrian involvement in the 2005 assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik al-Hariri, but has said any Syrian found to be involved would be tried by a Syrian court, just like Ghazi Kanaan was "suicided" by Shawkatt.
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said this week Washington might seek to unforce setting up of the tribunal by the U.N. Security Council after a political crisis in Beirut paralyzed parliament and blocked any attempts to get Lebanon to approve the court, thanks to CONDI's friends and upon her tacit instructions, to help their 4 buddies who are in Jail for their protection, because they know too much, and two of them are CIA agents.
A United Nations investigation has implicated Lebanese and Syrian security TOP officials in the assassination made in USA and Herzlyiah, via Damascus and Assef Shawkat.
Syria, 1949. The Husni Za'im coup of 30 March result of guarantee CIA that once firmly in power, the U.S. would give de facto recognition with de jure to follow in a few days and pointed out targets to be seized. Gave him a list of all politicians who might be able to rally resistance. Copeland, M. (1989). The Game Player, p. 94
Thailand: Death Squads
Thailand, 1965. Death squads. Lobe, T. (1977). United States national security policy and aid to the Thailand police 67-70
Thailand, 1973-76. General Saiyut Koedphon, deputy head of CSOC and close ally of CIA, admitted that CIA was collaborating with a variety of Thai security agencies, including CSOC. Similarly, deputy director of police, Withun Yasawat, said he was receiving CIA advice and reports as late as 1974. American indoctrination of CSOC and border patrol police during 1960's produced U.S. desired objectives. "Nawaophon" created ISOC officers who in turn has close contacts with CIA, employed covert tactics to search out "subversive elements" within the Thai population. Counterspy, Summer 1980, p. 14
Thailand, 1973-76. The Krathin Daeng (Red Guars), were groups of rightist students with police support that had over 100,000 members including government employees, soldiers, policemen, etc. Group received support and assistance from the internal security command (where CIA had a presence) and the Thai Santiban aka Special Branch. The Red Guars implicated in numerous bombings, killings, shooting and harassment of labor leaders, peasant leaders, etc. Indochina Resource Center Study, 1/1977
Thailand, 1976. A high-ranking official of Seni Pramoj government told a foreign visitor few weeks before October 6 coup, both Nawapon and the Red Gaurs were being financed by CIA. Counterspy, 12/1976, p. 52
Thailand, 1976. Over 10,000 students, professors, political figures, labor and farm leaders arrested since coup. U.S. military aid increased. New junta used CIA-trained forces to crush student demonstrators during coup. 2 right-wing terrorist squads suspected for assassinations tied directly to CIA operations. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, v9 #3, 9/1977, p. 2
Thailand, 1976. Red Gaurs, an organization of the extreme right, staged provocations against progressive students and assassinations of activists of farmers' federation of Thailand. The number of assassinations by right wingers soared in April 1976 during parliamentary elections. Defense minister Pramarn Adireksan, leader of right wing Thai National party, openly proclaimed the slogan "the right kill the left." Syrokonski. (1983). International Terrorism and the CIA, p. 117-118
Thailand, 1976. Thai border police, element of police most involved in counterinsurgency and which CIA concentrated most of its efforts, carried out an assault by fire against essentially unarmed students, killing at least 100. Counterspy, 12/1976, p. 52
Turkey: Watch List
Turkey, 1971. Coup carried out by counter-guerrilla, the CIA, the Turkey military and Turkish military intelligence (MIT). CIA solely interested in protecting American interests. CIA assisted MIT in 1960-69 in drafting plans for mass arrests of opposition figures similar to the pattern followed in Thailand, Indonesia and Greece. In single night generals ordered 4000 professors, students, teachers and retired officers arrested. They tortured. Counterspy, 4/1982, p. 25
Uruguay: Watch List
Uruguay. CIA agent associated with death squads. Every CIA station maintained subversive control watch list of most important left wing activists. Gave names families and friends. Frankovich, A. (1980). On Company Business. TV transcript, 5/9/1980, pp. 51-3
Uruguay, liaison, 1964. Biographical data and photos. Uruguay has national voter registration that effective identity card system. From liaison service CIA station gets full name, date and place of birth, parents names, address, place of work, etc. and id photos. Information invaluable for surveillance operations, for subversive control watch list and for a variety of other purposes. CID-361
Uruguay: Death Squads
Uruguay, 1970-72. CIA operations officer used cover of AID public safety advisor to help set up Department of Information and Intelligence (DII). DII served as a cover for death squad. Counterspy, 5/1979, p. 10
USSR: Watch List
USSR, 1990 KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov said KGB to protect against anti-Communist forces. Said western intelligence exploiting current instability in USSR. Certain radical movements being masterminded by foreign support. Certain groups had written "blacklists" of people who must be neutralized. Washington Post, 12/12/1990, A18,20
USSR, 1990. KGB's Kryuchkov accuses CIA and other western intelligence agencies of gathering information on workers' movements. Washington Post, 12/23/1990, A1,22
USSR, East Germany, 1949-57. League of Free Jurists (UFJ) kept a blacklist of offenders against justice — particularly lawyers and police — and published their activities. Named were marked men, whether they came to West as refugees or as accredited representatives of East Germans. Hagan, L. (1969). The Secret War for Europe, p. 200
A New Sykes-Picot Tragedy
Or Mideast Peace?
Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak was asked by the Washington Post's Lally Weymouth, in an interview published Jan. 26, "Do you think that the Syrian track should be pursued?" He replied, "I think that we have shown ... a respect for Syria, its interests and its leaders. We expect from them to do the same regarding Israel. If this basic kind of element will be there, I think a Syrian track is ... potentially positive." Weymouth went on: "I thought the U.S. has opposed Israel negotiating with Syria." Barak replied, "I think they realized in recent years that we understand the Syrian issue better."
Lyndon LaRouche has insisted, since last Autumn, that a negotiated Israeli-Syrian peace is attainable in the near term, and is indispensable to unlock the potential for Israeli-Palestinian peace, and change the dynamic of the region from war to peace. Yet, since the November 2007 Annapolis conference, there has been no progress on the Israeli-Syrian peace front, because the Bush Administration refuses to back such an initiative, a refusal that plays directly into the hands of British gamemasters who are orchestrating global mayhem in the midst of international financial collapse. In the last weeks, the stalemate in the Israeli-Palestinian peace talks has led to an escalation of violence, while in Lebanon, the renewed violence has rekindled fears of civil war, like that which ravaged Lebanon in the 1970s and '80s. Meanwhile, despite desire for peace on both sides, war between Israel and Syria is not being ruled out.
Pointing to a British hand, LaRouche, in a recent comment on the situation, cautioned that most players in the region still do not understand the British role in creating and managing the chaos. They do not understand that "the British do not like to fight wars," said LaRouche. "The British want to set up two opponents to fight and destroy each other." That is what is going on in Lebanon, Iran, and elsewhere in Southwest Asia, he said.
Blair: Her Majesty's High Commissioner
LaRouche has underscored that the British run the Middle East, just as they have since the infamous Sykes-Picot agreement of World War I, in which Britain and France divided the defeated Ottoman Empire between them. Today, as then, they have a High Commissioner for the region—this time in the person of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair. From his position as special envoy of the so-called Quartet of Middle East mediators (the United Nations, European Union, the United States, and Russia), Blair is in a hands-on position to influence war and peace in the region.
The crucial role he played in initiating the disastrous Iraq War makes Blair a dubious "peace" negotiator. As envoy to the Quartet, he is under no formal oversight, as he would be as a United Nations envoy. Nonetheless, he has an enormous expense account, paid out of the millions of dollars in economic aid which keeps the Palestinian National Authority and its impoverished population on life support. While Palestinians are suffering the ravages of occupation, including unemployment, malnutrition, and the daily fear of death, the "Quartet Blair Mission," as it is described in the lease, has rented no fewer than ten rooms in the American Colony Hotel, the only five-star hotel in East Jerusalem, at the annual cost of $1,334,082. This is in addition to Blair's rented townhouse office in a swank section of London.
Questions are being asked: Who does Blair work for? The Quartet, which has been dysfunctional since its formation? Or the two major financial institutions which have just hired him as a consultant, JPMorgan Chase and Zürich Financial Services, the Swiss insurance corporation from which he reportedly receives £500,000 per year?
By his actions, or lack thereof, he is serving the same British gamemasters who provoked the Iraq War. As economic aid czar for the Palestinians, Blair has accomplished nothing, at a time when all sane observers agree that improving the everyday living conditions of Palestinians is a key factor in creating the preconditions for peace.
The only way the process can go forward politically is to secure a rapprochement between Fatah and Hamas, and dropping the British policy of fostering civil war between the two Palestinian factions. The civil war scenario has been the policy implemented by U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor Elliott Abrams, since Hamas won the election in January 2006.
According to a Jan. 23 Times of London report, Abed Rabbo, chief Palestinian negotiator, gave Blair a "5% chance" of success, because Blair refuses to use what is seen as his enormous prestige to pressure Israel. One Palestinian businessman told the Times that Blair has done nothing to press Israel to lift the roadblocks in the Palestinian territories, or to stop Israel denying the Palestinians access to Israel's sea and air ports. Instead, Blair has several pet projects for which he is trying to raise billions, including industrial parks which would do nothing for the Palestinians.
"He is talking about industrial parks, and none of these are going to work from our own past experiences, because that industrial park is going to be inside Palestinian territory and goods need to move in and out," said businessman Abdull Malik al-Jaber. "It looks good in front of the international media to say that we have raised $7 billion in Paris. The question is, how many jobs is it going to create each month in Palestine? His mandate is to help the Palestinian economy, and there is no way on earth you can help the Palestinians' economy without removing the obstacles."
A Modern Warsaw Ghetto
Blair has done nothing to pressure the Israelis to lift the siege they have imposed on the 21st Century's Warsaw Ghetto, also known as the Gaza Strip. Nor has he tried to convince the Israelis to allow cement to enter, for the completion of a desperately needed sewage treatment plant. Failure to complete the plant within the next three months will have disastrous consequences for Gaza's already meager and polluted water supply. In fact, neither Blair nor any of his team have stepped foot in Gaza since Blair took his position.
Blair's failure directly contributed to the breakout of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, who crashed down the wall separating the Gaza Strip from Egypt, at the end of January. Some 700,000 Palestinians crossed over into Egypt in search of food, fuel, and other supplies that they have been unable to purchase because of the Israeli siege. The siege has almost collapsed the United Nations Works and Relief Agency's food distribution operation, which supplies food to almost half of Gaza's 1.5 million people. The Warsaw Ghetto-type conditions have spread outrage in the Arab population throughout the region, especially in Egypt, where the Muslim Brotherhood has strong ties to Hamas. The latter had conducted a mobilization in support of the suffering Palestinians in Egypt itself, which forced the Egyptian authorities to allow the breaking down of the wall.
Any chance for a peace agreement requires a rapprochement between Fatah and Hamas, but this remains deadlocked. As LaRouche said last November, and reiterated on Jan. 30, the road to such an agreement is best negotiated through Damascus, where the greatest possibility for a settlement exists. Since almost every detail of an Israel-Syria agreement is widely known, and has largely been worked out, LaRouche said that an Israeli-Syrian accord would create the context for progress on the overall peace front. "You need to take a step," said LaRouche, "and this is the best chance."
Growing Tensions in Lebanon
Almost the same day that Ehud Barak told the Washington Post that Israel was ready for peace talks, the worst incident of violence in Lebanon since the end of the civil war left eight civilians dead and 29 wounded on Jan. 26. The massacre took place in south Beirut, a political base for the Hezbollah and Amal opposition parties. Riots began when a member of the Shi'ite Amal movement was shot dead, during a demonstration protesting inflation in energy prices and the cut-off of electricity. Police reports indicated that several of those killed were victims of snipers posted atop surrounding buildings. This violence came only two days after the assassination by car-bomb of a senior Lebanese police intelligence officer.
A well-informed Beirut-based intelligence source said that the killing of the eight demonstrators appeared to have been an attempt to implicate the Lebanese Army in firing on Shi'ite protesters. Given the sectarian nature of the Lebanese political system—divided among the Shi'ite community, mostly represented by Hezbollah and Amal, and the Christian and Sunni Muslim communities—any undermining of the neutrality of the Lebanese Army, which represents all sectors, could be a prelude to civil war. Hezbollah has demanded an investigation to see whether the Army was responsible for the shootings, and if not, who was. The source reported that Hezbollah does not believe the Army was to blame. Its leader, Gen. Michel Sleiman, had been endorsed as a unity Presidential candidate by both government and opposition circles, because of his reputation for fairness.
This provocation comes while there is a stalemate in the government crisis in Lebanon, where both the ruling coalition and the opposition must elect a new President and agree on a new power-sharing arrangement. In early December 2007, the Lebanese factions were very close to agreeing on the election of Sleiman, reported Lebanese sources, but that deal is on the verge of falling apart, threatening to leave a dangerous vacuum. The source mentioned above, reports that the failure to elect Sleiman is directly linked to the visit of White House envoys David Welsh from the State Department, and Cheney-man Elliott Abrams, both partners in the "White House Murder Inc.". These two reportedly told the government coalition of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora and the March 14 movement, to stall the vote on forming a government for several months—at which time events would be "more favorable" to them.
On Jan. 15, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, secretary general of Hezbollah, delivered a speech in which he referenced the intervention by the U.S. officials, and questioned whether they were referring to an attack on Iran or Syria, or were scheming to get Israel to attack Hezbollah in south Lebanon. He warned that after Israel's failed war against Lebanon in July 2006, its leaders would have to think "a thousand times" before an attack, which this time would surely include an attack on Syria.
Nightmare Scenarios
Political crises in Lebanon, Palestinian-Israeli violence, and tensions along the Egyptian-Israeli border have served historically as tinder for Mideast conflagrations. The release in Israel, the week of Jan. 21, of the long-awaited report of the Winograd Commission, which investigated the Israeli government and military performance in the Lebanon War, revealed just how disastrous that war was.
"Israel embarked on a prolonged war that it initiated, which ended without a clear Israeli victory from a military standpoint," retired Justice Eliyahu Winograd, chairman of the commission, told a press conference. "A quasi-military organization withstood the strongest army in the Middle East for weeks. Hezbollah rocket fire on the Israeli home front continued throughout the war, and the IDF [Israeli Defense Forces] failed to provide an effective defense. Daily life was disrupted, residents left their homes and entered bomb shelters. These results had far-reaching consequences for us and our enemies." The panel found "severe failures and faults in the decision-making process, both in the political echelon and the military echelon."
Tom Segev of the Israeli daily Ha'aertz, a historian and commentator, commented on the commission report that, "the main question that should have been the focus of discussion was whether this war was essential. Or if it was not essential, then it was superfluous. There are no other types of war."
As for the military failings, Segev wrote that the commission failed to answer or even consider, "To what extent have 40 years of occupation affected the ability of the Israeli Defense Forces to protect the country? Or, in other words, does the IDF train its soldiers to fight, or does it mainly teach them to oppress the Palestinian population?"
All experts agree that the next Israeli-Lebanese war would see Israel attacking Syria, whose conventional missile arsenal can strike anywhere in Israel.
These nightmare scenarios would all disappear if a Syrian-Israeli peace process were initiated. There is a widespread consensus that a Syrian-Israeli peace, brokered by the good offices of the United States Presidency, could be negotiated within weeks, because they are partners in Murder and Assassinations in
Lebanon since January 24th 2002 and the assassination of Mr. Elie Hobeika and his comrades, Fares, Walid and Mitri.
"ANACONDA MANIFESTO": The Assassination of MP and Minister Mr. Elie Hobeika, January 24th 2002.
MY FRIEND ELIE HOBEIKA, HK
One can see the wisdom in his very visage. The hazel eyes, glowing from sockets lined with deep suntan emotions, beam with the brilliance of a limelight. His hair, looking like spun silver, sits neatly in place upon his head. Yet, as he nods slightly, it sparkles, each strand in concert, as if to echo the exuberance of his own nature.
His nose, strong and stately, arcs proudly above the overshadowed yet undaunted mouth. The lips, bold as they are, show incredible kindness and generosity, especially when he curls them into one of his particularly boyish grins. His countenance mirrors his being and in that beautiful angel face one can see a child playing in a meadow.
His forty six years do not show themselves in his posture. He stands tall, erect; and moves with unmitigated grace. Always dressed in perfect clothes, his bright colors dazzle and shine in the Lebanon sun. What a sight this man is to behold! The experiences, heartbreaks, loves, joys, and victories of forty six years of living, all combine into one fascinating embodiment within him, a Heroes' Hero and the greatest man ever.
USSR, Iran, 1982. Vladimir Kuzichkin, a senior KGB officer in Tehran, defected to the British. CIA had a sharing agreement with MI6 and became privy to contents of two trunks full of documents. From those documents CIA prepared name lists of more than one hundred people, mostly Iranians, working as secret agents in Iran for the USSR. Casey allowed this list be handed to the Iranians — who executed them. Persico, J. (1991). Casey, p. 301
Vietnam: Watch List
Vietnam, 1965-68. U.S./Government of Vietnam create list of active NLF for assassination. After 1968 Tet offensive, names centralized to Phoenix coordinators. Collect names of tens of thousands NLF suspects. Military operations such as My Lai use Phoenix intelligence. By 1973, Phoenix generates 300,000 political prisoners in South Vietnam. Counterspy, May 1973, p. 22
Vietnam, 1965-70. Details re Vietnam. From 1965-68 U.S. and Saigon intelligence services maintained an active list of Viet Cong cadre marked for assassination. Phoenix program for 1969 called for "neutralizing" 1800 a month. About one third of Viet Cong targeted for arrest had been summarily killed. Security committees established in provincial interrogation centers to determine fate of Viet Cong suspects, outside of judicial controls. Green Berets and Navy Seals most common recruits for Phoenix program. Green Beret Detachment B-57 provided administrative cover for other intelligence units. One was Project Cherry, tasked to assassinate Cambodian officials suspected of collaborating with North Vietnamese, KGB. Another was Project Oak targeted against South Vietnamese suspected collaborators. They controlled by Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and Special Activities, which worked with CIA outside of General Abrams's control. Stein. J. (1992). A Murder In Wartime, pp. 360-1
Vietnam, 1967-73 CIA developed Phoenix program in 1967 to neutralize: kill, capture or make defect Viet Cong infrastructure. Viet Cong infrastructure means civilians suspected of supporting Communists. Targeted civilians not soldiers. Phoenix also called Phung Hoang by Vietnamese. Due process totally nonexistent. South Vietnamese who appeared on black lists could be tortured, detained for 2 years without trial or killed. Valentine, D. (1990). The Phoenix Program, p. 13
Vietnam, 1967-73 District Intelligence Operations Coordination Center (DIOCC). Dien Ban center a model for all of Phoenix. Bldg 10' x 40'. Manned by two U.S. Soldiers, 2 Census Grievance, one Rural Development cadre, and one Special Branch. DIOCC intelligence clearinghouse to review, collate, and disseminate information. Immediate local reaction. Americans kept files of sources, Viet Cong infrastructure and order of battle. Reaction forces 100 police, 1 PRU unit, guides from census grievance. Marines screened civilian detainees using informants and DIOCC's blacklist. Valentine, D. (1990). The Phoenix Program, p.126
Vietnam, 1968-69. Until late 1968, Saigon had run a program under which 500,000 ID cards were issued. Viet Cong made fake ones and many stolen. Viet Cong during Tet assigned teams to go door-to-door to collect them. Saigon reissued cards in 10/1968. By 1 May 1969, number of cards issued was 1.5 million. Adams, S. (1994). War of Numbers, p. 181
Vietnam, 1968. Phoenix program quota of 1800 neutralizations per month. Viet Cong Infrastructure System (VCIS) fed 3000 names Viet Cong infrastructure into computer at Combined Intelligence Center political order of battle section. Beginning of computerized blacklist. In Saigon DIA, FBI and CIA used computers. Until 1970 computerized blacklist a unilateral American operation. Valentine, D. (1990). The Phoenix Program, 259
Vietnam, 1968. U.S. advisors worked with Government of Vietnam counterparts to establish a list of those who were active with the NLF and who were vulnerable to assassination. Counterspy, 5/1973, p. 21
Vietnam: Death Squads.....
Vietnam. Counterterror teams aka Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRU). Six or dozen men carried out carefully planned forays, capturing or killing identified communists. Blaufarb, D.S. (1977). The Counterinsurgency Era, pp. 210-11
Vietnam, 1960-93. Montagnards recruited in early 1960s by Special Forces to fight Viet Cong. Did not surrender until 1992, when they yielded weapons to UN forces in Cambodia and brought to U.S. About 600 live in North Carolina. Paul Campbell, former SF who first American to recruit them. Kay Reibold head of Vietnam highlands assistance project. Montagnards live in small apartments around Raleigh with low-paying jobs. In 10/1961 Campbell, then a SF Sergeant, sent by CIA to recruit Montagnards. They to form village security, but soon being used for long-range reconnaissance and in highly mobile strike forces that hunted Viet Cong for weeks at a time. "We killed many Vietnamese." Article by W. Booth. Washington Post, 12/27/1993
Vietnam, 1965. CIA station helped create census grievance units. CIA funded, trained and guided counter terror teams who per Chief of Station de Silva, were "to bring danger and death to Viet Cong functionaries." Corn, D. (1994). Blond Ghost: Ted Shackley and the CIA's Crusades, p. 175
Vietnam, 1966-71. Phoenix operation designed to help U.S. military reach crossover point, where dead and wounded exceeded Viet Cong's ability to field replacements. In April 1967, President Johnson announced formation of Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) for pacification. Robert Komer as deputy commander of MACV-CORDS. CORDS budget about $4 billion from 1968-71. CORDS the management structure for pacification programs. Personnel both military and civilian. By 1971, 3000 servicemen, advisers to ARVN, placed under CORDS. 1200 civilians by 1971. U.S. AID responsible for material aid. State and USIA also provided personnel. But CIA played the crucial role. CORDS reinstated civic action teams under name Revolutionary Development cadre. RD program formed teams of 59 South Vietnamese, divided into 3 11-man security squads and 25 civic action cadres. Teams to spend 6 months in a village to fulfill "Eleven criteria and 98 works for pacification." 1. Annihilation of ...cadre; 2. Annihilation of wicked village dignitaries; etc. System placed 40,000 two-way radios in villages. Land reform failed. (Photos of Phoenix propaganda material). Teams helped create Regional and Popular Forces (RF/PFs). Ruff-puffs, suffered high casualties. They represented half of South Vietnamese government forces, they had 55-66% of casualties. They inflicted 30% of Communist casualties. Underground paramilitary effort called Phoenix, which included a "census grievance," stay-behind. He actually a spy. All information fed into intelligence coordination and exploitation program. Vietnamese at Komer's request set up staff that, with CIA, was responsible for coordinating intelligence reports on Viet Cong Infrastructure. Information from census grievance, military, police reports. paramilitary units, including CIA's Provincial Reconnaissance Units and ruff-puffs. Arrestees — those not killed when captured — taken to Provincial Interrogation Centers (PIC). Also regional prisons and a national center. All financed by CIA. Problems of coordination and jealousy. Numerical quotas created saying how many VCI to be eliminated each month. Torture used in questioning. Manning, R., (ed), (1988). War in the Shadows: the Vietnam Experience, pp. 55-65
Vietnam, 1966. In 1966 recycled counter terrorists called Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRU) and managed by CIA officer in CORDS RDC/O Office. Valentine, D. (1990). The Phoenix Program, p. 117
Vietnam, 1968. CIA issued two handbooks in June 1968. One "the Viet Cong Key Organization From Central Level Down to Village and Hamlet Levels." Second a manual of procedures from Saigon to DIOCCs. One report said "as DIOCCs and PIOCCs have refined data bases, gained experience, and mounted more operations against targeted individuals, the neutralization rate... over 1000 per month for last 4 months." Gia Dinh "has more than quadrupled monthly rate of killed, captured and rallied." Valentine, D. (1990). The Phoenix Program, p. 190
Vietnam, 1971. William E. Colby on July 19, 1971, before Senate Subcommittee testified that CIA's Operation Phoenix had killed 21,587 Vietnamese citizens between January 1968 and May 1971. Counterspy, December 1978, p. 6
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An Open Letter to President Bashar al-Assad, the Criminal Murderer.
Is this not the moment, Mr. Murder Inc., to show the world a humane and generous face, and win international support, by turning your attention to the plight of prisoners of conscience, unfairly and cruelly punished by your courts? Asks HK.
Dear Mr. Murder Inc.,
Friends of the Syrian people -- and I count myself among them -- have been puzzled and saddened by the lengthy jail sentences passed on Syrian political prisoners, human rights activists, and prisoners of conscience. These harsh punishments have attracted worldwide attention and done your country’s reputation great harm.
With the greatest disrespect, I urge you to review these cases and to grant an early amnesty to the prisoners, and lock Assef Shawkat and BUSHRA in Jail for life, for they have masterminded the assassination of Mr.Elie Hobeika, January 24th 2002, on orders from Ariel Sharon, CIA,DIA, MOSSAD and OSP, and again on numerous other occasions since 2002, like Rafic Hariri's assassination February 14th 2005.
http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
Anwar al-Bunni is Syria’s leading defender of political prisoners and prisoners of conscience. In March 2006, with funding and encouragement from the European Union, he created a Syrian human rights centre. Your security services closed it down almost immediately.
On 17 May 2006, Bunni was arrested and detained with common criminals at ‘Adra prison near Damascus where, according to Amnesty International, he suffered beatings and degrading treatment. He was not allowed to meet privately with his lawyers. I understand that he has written to you drawing your attention to the fact that some six thousand prisoners in ‘Adra are routinely subjected to beatings, insults and terror, and prevented from leaving their cells, watching TV, or listening to the radio. He has asked you to investigate prison conditions. I very much hope you will respond positively to this request. http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
On 31 December, Bunni was assaulted by a criminal detainee who pushed him down some stairs and then beat him on the head in the presence of prison guards, who failed to intervene. On 25 January 2007, he was severely beaten by prison guards who made him crawl on all fours and forcibly shaved his head. I feel sure that you are aware that he is a prisoner of conscience detained solely for the expression of non-violent ideas.
On 24 April, he was sentenced by the Damascus Criminal Court to five years’ imprisonment on the charge of "spreading false information harmful to the state" (Article 286 of the Penal Code). Foreign diplomats present in court were disturbed by this harsh sentence and considered the trial unfair. Such political trials before Syria’s Criminal, Military and State Security Courts have come under severe international criticism for the blatant influence of the security services on the proceedings. http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
I would suggest that prisoners like Anwar al-Bunni, a respected lawyer, are more damaging to you inside prison than at liberty.
According to Amnesty International, his ‘crime’ was to have raised the case of the death in custody of 26-year-old Muhammad Shaher Haysa, as a result of inhumane treatment, possibly amounting to torture. When Haysa’s body was returned to his family, it was said to have shown signs of torture. Amnesty says that torture and ill treatment are still widespread in Syrian prisons and that there has been no independent investigation into any of the cases of torture and suspicious deaths reported over the years.
I feel sure you will agree that it is of the utmost importance that Syrian prison guards comply strictly with the UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment -- to which Syria is a party. http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
Other recent cases are those of the prominent writer and journalist Michel kilo and the English language teacher Mahmoud ‘Issa who, after long months of detention at ‘Adra, were each given three-year prison sentences on 4 May by the Damascus Criminal Court.
They were charged with "weakening nationalist sentiments" (Article 285 of the Penal Code), with "inciting sectarian strife" (Article 307), and with "publishing a political article or giving a political speech with the aim of making propaganda for a political party, society or a banned political association" (Article 150 of the Code of Military Procedures.). ‘Issa was also charged with "exposing Syria to hostile acts" (Article 278 of the Penal Code). http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
Their ‘crime’ was involvement in the so-called Beirut-Damascus Declaration, a petition, signed by some 300 Syrians and Lebanese and released on 12 May 2006, which called for the normalization of relations between Syria and Lebanon by exchanging ambassadors and defining their common border.
Another opposition figure, Kamal Labwani, founder of the Democratic Liberal Gathering, has suffered an even worse fate. He was arrested at Damascus airport in 2005 on his return from the United States, where he had attended a conference and met White House officials. This month he was given a shocking sentence of 12 years in jail on a charge of contacting a foreign country and "encouraging attack against Syria."
Syria is, of course, not the only, or even the worst, abuser of human rights in the Middle East. Prison conditions in Iraq, Egypt, Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab countries are also said to be appalling. The United States set a terrible example by its torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, and by its policy of extraordinary rendition -- that is to say sending prisoners for interrogation to countries notorious for torture.... " Heavens will have the answer soon"
Israel, in turn, has regularly been accused of torturing some of the 10,000 Palestinian prisoners it is holding. One notorious Israeli method is to shake the prisoner, sometimes to death. A report by two Israeli human rights organizations published on 6 May revealed that many Palestinians were deprived of sleep, beaten severely, handcuffed until their wrists bled and bound in painful positions in order to break their spirit before interrogation.
Most experts agree that torture is almost always counter-productive. Information extracted under torture is seldom reliable. It creates hate and an unquenchable thirst for revenge. http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
In Syria, far from contributing to social peace, the ill-treatment of prisoners tends to sharpen hostility between communities and sects. Far from protecting Syria against foreign enemies, it provides them with a pretext for hostile propaganda and attack.
The punitive sentences of prisoners of conscience and other abuses of human rights are damaging to Syria’s foreign policy goals. I believe one of your primary goals is to win the recognition and respect of the international community, so as to strengthen Syria’s hand in negotiations, to attract foreign direct investment, to welcome tourists in ever greater numbers to Syria’s unique sites and to promote economic and social development in general.
Another important goal is to recover the Golan Heights by means of a comprehensive Arab peace settlement with Israel. A third goal is to secure ratification by all 27 EU members of the association agreement with the European Union, which has still not been put into effect.
A fourth crucial goal must surely be to put Syria’s relations with Lebanon on a healthy basis after the strains and quarrels of recent years. The two countries are cut from the same flesh. They are essential to each other. There can be no question of a permanent divorce.
Syria has certain vital interests in Lebanon: It cannot tolerate a hostile government in Beirut or the dominant influence there of a hostile foreign power, as this would be a threat to its national security. Lebanon, in turn, wants Syrian recognition of its independence and sovereignty. Surely a deal can be struck on this basis that would satisfy both parties.
Syria has come under great pressure from the United States ever since the invasion of Iraq in 2003. There was also a dangerous moment last summer when Israel seemed about to extend to Syria its aggression against Lebanon. The hostility of France was a further worrying factor, but I can assure you that this summer, the war will come to Damascus for sure. http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
These pressures now seem to be easing. The world is beginning to recognize the crucial role Syria could play in resolving some of the region’s conflicts, once its own interests are addressed.
Is this not the moment, Mr. Murder Inc., to show the world a humane and generous face, and win international support, by turning your attention to the plight of prisoners of conscience, unfairly and cruelly punished by your courts? http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://nafeez.blogspot.com/
ANNEX: HK Notes and Diaries.
********************************
Hamas is a Palestinian group known both for charitable works benefiting the
Palestinian population and suicide attacks against Israeli targets. Hamas
was formed in 1987, after a Palestinian uprising began the year before. Some
claim that Israel indirectly supported and perhaps even directly funded
Hamas in its early years in order to divide the Palestinians politically.
For instance, a former senior CIA official will later claim that Israel's
support for Hamas "was a direct attempt to divide and dilute support for a
strong, secular PLO [Palestinian Liberation Organization] by using a
competing religious alternative." Hamas begins attacks on Israeli military
and civilan targets in 1989 and will begin suicide attacks on these targets
in April 1994. The US will not officially declare Hamas a terrorist
organization until 1995 (see January 1995). This means that funding Hamas is
not a crime in the US before that year, but knowingly participating in or
supporting a violent act overseas outside of the rules of war such as a
suicide bombing could still potentially result in criminal charges in the
US. [United Press International, 6/18/2002; Associated Press, 3/22/2004]
Mohammad Salah, a Palestinian-American living in Chicago as a used car
salesman, was reputedly trained by Hamas in terrorist techniques, including
the use of chemical weapons and poisons, in the late 1980s. Working on the
orders of high-level Hamas leader Mousa Abu Marzouk, Salah leads a four day
Hamas training camp in the Chicago area in June 1990. According to one
trainee, the approximately twenty-five trainees study Hamas philosophy,
receive weapons training, and learn how to plant a car bomb. Two of the
trainees are ultimately selected to fly to Syria, where they undergo more
advanced training in making car bombs and throwing grenades. Ultimately,
they are sent into Israel to launch attacks. Similar training camps take
place in Kansas City and Wisconsin from 1989 through early 1991. Then, Salah
is told by Marzouk to change his focus from training to fundraising. In
early 1992, Salah receives about $800,000 from Saudi multimillionaire Yassin
al-Qadi, and he temporarily invests it in a BMI real estate scheme (see
1991). Between June 1991 and December 1992, Salah repeatedly travels to the
Middle East and spends more than $100,000 in direct support of Hamas
military activities. He attempts to spend the $800,000 that is still
invested in BMI, but BMI is unable to quickly liquidate the investment.
Marzouk sends Salah almost $1 million to spend. Salah goes to the West Bank
in January 1993 and begins dispersing that money, but he is arrested before
the end of the month. With Salah arrested, Hamas needs a new point man to
collect and transfer new money raised in the US. Jamil Sarsour, a grocery
store owner in Milwaukee, is chosen. It will be reported in 2003 that
Sarsour is still living openly in Milwaukee (see June 2-5, 2003) [Chicago
Tribune, 10/29/2001; LA Weekly, 8/2/2002; Federal News Service, 6/2/2003]
Mercy International USA's logo. [Source: Mercy International USA]The 1999
book Dollars for Terror will allege that in 1989, Mercy International, a
"subsidiary of the Muslim Brotherhood, was able to establish its
headquarters in the United States, in the state of Michigan, with the
assistance of the CIA. The Agency provided significant logistical and
financial support to this 'humanitarian' organization, enabling it to act
clandestinely in the various Balkan conflicts as well as within the Muslim
communities of several Russian republics." [Labeviere, 1999, pp. 364] Mercy
International will later be tied to al-Qaeda in a number of ways. For
instance, in the mid-1990s its Pakistan branch will be headed by Zahid
Shaikh Mohammed, brother of 9/11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (see
1988-Spring 1995). [Los Angeles Times, 9/1/2002] Its Kenya branch will be
tied to the 1998 US embassy bombing there. Its Philippine branch is tied to
Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, bin Laden's brother-in-law. [Burr and Collins, 2006,
pp. 128, 188-189] Branches of this charity in different countries have
slightly different names such as Mercy International-USA and Mercy
International Relief Agency, and it has been claimed that the US branch has
no connection with the terrorism-related branches. However, a 2003 article
will draw links between the US branch and other branches. [National Review,
9/4/2003]
Prior to this year, President George W. Bush is a failed oilman. Three
times, friends and investors have bailed him out to keep his business from
going bankrupt. However, in 1988, the same year his father becomes
president, some Saudis buy a portion of his small company, Harken, which has
never performed work outside of Texas. Later in the year, Harken wins a
contract in the Persian Gulf and starts doing well financially. These
transactions seem so suspicious that the Wall Street Journal in 1991 states
it "raises the question of. an effort to cozy up to a presidential son." Two
major investors in Bush's company during this time are Salem bin Laden and
Khalid bin Mahfouz. [Intelligence Newsletter, 3/2/2000; Salon, 11/19/2001]
Salem bin Laden is Osama's oldest brother; Khalid bin Mahfouz is a Saudi
banker with a 20 percent stake in BCCI. The bank will be shut down a few
years later and bin Mahfouz will have to pay a $225 million fine (while
admitting no wrongdoing) (see October 2001)).
Al-Qaeda bomber Ramzi Yousef is said to be recruited by the CIA, though
details are not known. Author Richard Labeviere reported without elaboration
in a 1999 book, "A classified FBI file indicates that [Yousef] was recruited
by the local branch of the CIA." [Labeviere, 1999, pp. 220-221] In 1995,
Newsday will report, "FBI officials also are considering a probe of whether
the CIA had any relationship with Yousef, who fought with the CIA-financed
mujaheddin in Afghanistan in the 1980s." [Newsday, 4/16/1995] But there
appears to be no further reporting on whether such a probe was conducted.
Yousef is believed to have masterminded a series of bombings in the early
1990s, including the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the planned Bojinka
attack, before being captured in 1995 (see February 7, 1995). If Yousef was
recruited by the CIA, it may have been in the late 1980s when the CIA
recruited and trained thousands of people around the world to fight in
Afghanistan (see 1986-1992). In the late 1980s, Yousef was studying
engineering at a Wales college, but he'd also joined the Muslim Brotherhood
while there. During a break from school in 1988, he went to one of bin
Laden's
training camps in Afghanistan and spent several months honing his
bomb-making skills. [Miller, Stone, and Mitchell, 2002, pp. 78]
The core of the future Philippine militant group Abu Sayyaf fights with bin
Laden in Afghanistan and its training there is paid for by the CIA and
Pakistani ISI. In 1986, the CIA agreed to support an ISI program of
recruiting radical Muslims from other countries, including the Philippines,
to fight in the Afghan war (see 1986). By one estimate, initially between
300 and 500 radical Muslims from the southern Philippines go to Afghanistan
to fight. [Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College,
/1/2005 ]
In 1987 or 1988, bin Laden dispatches his brother-in-law Mohammed Jamal
Khalifa to the Philippines to find more recruits willing to go to
Afghanistan. It is estimated he finds about 1,000 recruits. One of them is
Abdurajak Janjalani, who emerges as the leader of these recruits in
Afghanistan. When the Afghan war ends in 1989 most of them will return to
the Philippines and form the Abu Sayyaf group, still led by Janjalani (see
Early 1991). [Contemporary Southeast Asia, 12/1/2002; Manila Times,
2/1/2007] Journalist John Cooley will write in a book first published in
1999 that Abu Sayyaf will become "the most violent and radical Islamist
group in the Far East, using its CIA and ISI training to harass, attack, and
murder Christian priests, wealthy non-Muslim plantation-owners, and
merchants and local government in the southern Philippine island of
Mindanao." [Cooley, 2002, pp. 63] After having read Cooley's book and
gathering information from other sources, Senator Aquilino Pimentel,
President of the Philippine Senate, will say in a 2000 speech that the "CIA
has sired a monster" because it helped train this core of the Abu Sayyaf.
[Senator Aquilino Q. Pimentel website, 7/31/2000]
Sheikh Ahmed Yassin forms Hamas as the military arm of his Islamic
Association, which had been licensed by Israel ten years earlier (see
1973-1978). According to Charles Freeman, a former US ambassador to Saudi
Arabia, "Israel started Hamas. It was a project of Shin Bet, which had a
feeling that they could use it to hem in the PLO." [CounterPunch, 1/18/2003;
Dreyfuss, 2005, pp. 191, 208] Anthony Cordesman, a Middle East analyst for
the Center for Strategic Studies, states that Israel "aided Hamas
directly-the Israelis wanted to use it as a counterbalance to the PLO." A
former senior CIA official speaking to UPI describes Israel's support for
Hamas as "a direct attempt to divide and dilute support for a strong,
secular PLO by using a competing religious alternative." Further, according
to an unnamed US government official, "the thinking on the part of some of
the right-wing Israeli establishment was that Hamas and the other groups, if
they gained control, would refuse to have anything to do with the peace
process and would torpedo any agreements put in place." Larry Johnson, a
counter-terrorism official at the State Department, states: "The Israelis
are their own worst enemies when it comes to fighting terrorism. They are
like a guy who sets fire to his hair and then tries to put it out by hitting
it with a hammer. They do more to incite and sustain terrorism than curb
it." [United Press International, 2/24/2001 Sources: Larry C. Johnson,
Unnamed former CIA official]
During a secret visit to Pakistan CIA Director William Casey commits the CIA
to support the ISI program of recruiting radical Muslims for the Afghan war
from other Muslim countries around the world. In addition to the Gulf
States, these include Turkey, the Philippines, and China. The ISI started
their recruitment of radicals from other countries in 1982 (see 1982). This
CIA cooperation is part of a joint CIA-ISI plan begun the year before to
expand the "Jihad" beyond Afghanistan (see March 1985). [Rashid, 2001, pp.
128-129]
The CIA, ISI, and bin Laden build the Khost tunnel complex in Afghanistan.
This will be a major target of bombing and fighting when the US attacks the
Taliban in 2001. [Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 9/23/2001; Hindu, 9/27/2001] It
will be reported in June 2001 that "bin Laden worked closely with Saudi,
Pakistani, and US intelligence services to recruit mujaheddin from many
Muslim countries," but this information has not been reported much since
9/11. [United Press International, 4/10/2004] A CIA spokesperson will later
claim, "For the record, you should know that the CIA never employed, paid,
or maintained any relationship whatsoever with bin Laden." [Ananova,
10/31/2001]
Quoting a French intelligence report posted by PBS Frontline, The New Yorker
reports, "During the nineteen-eighties, when the Reagan administration
secretly arranged for an estimated $34 million to be funneled through Saudi
Arabia to the Contras in Nicaragua, [Osama's eldest brother] Salem bin Laden
aided in this cause." [PBS Frontline, 2001; New Yorker, 11/5/2001]
Afghan opium production rises from 250 tons in 1982 to 2,000 tons in 1991,
coinciding with CIA support and funding of the mujaheddin. Alfred McCoy, a
professor of Southeast Asian history at the University of Wisconsin, says US
and Pakistani intelligence officials sanctioned the rebels' drug trafficking
because of their fierce opposition to the Soviets: "If their local allies
were involved in narcotics trafficking, it didn't trouble [the] CIA. They
were willing to keep working with people who were heavily involved in
narcotics." For instance, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, a rebel leader who received
about half of all the CIA's covert weapons, was known to be a major heroin
trafficker. Charles Cogan, who directs the CIA's operation in Afghanistan,
later claims he was unaware of the drug trade: "We found out about it later
on." [Atlantic Monthly, 5/1996; Star-Tribune (Minneapolis), 9/30/2001]
Salem bin Laden, Osama's oldest brother, described by a French secret
intelligence report as one of two closest friends of Saudi Arabia's King
Fahd who often performs important missions for Saudi Arabia, is involved in
secret Paris meetings between US and Iranian emissaries this month,
according to a French report. Frontline, which published the French report,
notes that such meetings have never been confirmed. Rumors of these meetings
have been called the "October Surprise" and some have speculated that in
these meetings, George H. W. Bush negotiated a delay to the release of the
US hostages in Iran, thus helping Ronald Reagan and Bush win the 1980
Presidential election. All of this is highly speculative, but if the French
report is correct, it points to a long-standing connection of highly
improper behavior between the Bush and bin Laden families. [PBS Frontline,
2001]
Journalist Simon Reeve will claim in the 1999 book The New Jackals that US
officials directly met with bin Laden in Afghanistan in the 1980s. He will
write, "American emissaries are understood to have traveled to Pakistan for
meetings with mujaheddin leaders. [A former CIA official] even suggests the
US emissaries met directly with bin Laden, and that it was bin Laden, acting
on advice from his friends in Saudi intelligence, who first suggested the
mujaheddin should be given Stingers." [Reeve, 1999, pp. 167, 176] The CIA
begins supplying Stinger missiles to the mujaheddin in 1986 (see September
1986). After 9/11, the CIA will state, "Numerous comments in the media
recently have reiterated a widely circulated but incorrect notion that the
CIA once had a relationship with Osama bin Laden. For the record, you should
know that the CIA never employed, paid, or maintained any relationship
whatsoever with bin Laden." [US State Department, 1/14/2005]
Osama bin Laden begins providing financial, organizational, and engineering
aid for the mujaheddin in Afghanistan, with the advice and support of the
Saudi royal family. [New Yorker, 11/5/2001] Some, including Richard Clarke,
counterterrorism "tsar" during the Clinton and George W. Bush
administrations, believe he was handpicked for the job by Prince Turki
al-Faisal, head of Saudi Arabia's Secret Service. [New Yorker, 11/5/2001;
Sunday Times (London), 8/25/2002] The Pakistani ISI want a Saudi prince as a
public demonstration of the commitment of the Saudi royal family and as a
way to ensure royal funds for the anti-Soviet forces. The agency fails to
get royalty, but bin Laden, with his family's influential ties, is good
enough for the ISI. [Miami Herald, 9/24/2001] (Clarke will argue later that
the Saudis and other Muslim governments used the Afghan war in an attempt to
get rid of their own misfits and troublemakers.) This multinational force
later coalesces into al-Qaeda. [Clarke, 2004, pp. 52]
The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan. The Russians were initially invited in
by the Afghan government to deal with rising instability and army mutinies,
and they start crossing the border on December 8. But on December 26,
Russian troops storm the presidential palace, kill the country's leader,
Haizullah Amin, and the invitation turns into an invasion. [Blum, 1995, pp.
342] Later declassified high-level Russian documents will show that the
Russian leadership believed that Amin, who took power in a violent coup from
another pro-Soviet leader two months before, had secret contacts with the US
embassy and was probably a US agent. Further, one document from this month
claims that "the right wing Muslim opposition" has "practically established
their control in many provinces. using foreign support." [Cooley, 2002, pp.
8] It has been commonly believed that the invasion was unprovoked, but the
Russians will later be proven largely correct. In a 1998 interview, Zbigniew
Brzezinski, President Jimmy Carter's National Security Adviser, will reveal
that earlier in the year Carter authorized the CIA to destabilize the
government, provoking the Russians to invade (see July 3, 1979). [Le Nouvel
Observateur (Paris), 1/1998; Mirror, 1/29/2002] Further, CIA covert action
in the country actually began in 1978 (see 1978), if not earlier (see
1973-1979). The US and Saudi Arabia will give a huge amount of money
(estimates range up to $40 billion total for the war) to support the
mujaheddin guerrilla fighters opposing the Russians, and a decade-long war
will ensue. [Nation, 2/15/1999]
In the 1960s Osama bin Laden's brother Mahrous bin Laden joined a rebel
group opposed to the Saudi government. With his assistance, in 1979 the
rebels smuggle weapons into Mecca, Saudi Arabia, using trucks belonging to
the bin Laden family company. Five hundred rebels then seize the Grand
Mosque in Medina, Islam's holiest mosque in its holiest city. They try, but
fail, to overthrow the Saudi royal family. All the men who took part are
later beheaded except Mahrous. Eventually he is released from prison because
of the close ties between the bin Ladens and the Saudi royal family. Mahrous
apparently abandons the rebel cause and joins the family business. He is
eventually made a head of the Medina branch and a member of the board. He
will still hold these positions on 9/11. But a newspaper reports that "his
past [is] not forgiven and most important decisions in the [bin Laden family
business] are made without Mahrous' input." [Sunday Herald (Glasgow),
10/7/2001; New Yorker, 11/5/2001; Ha'aretz, 12/18/2002]
At some point in the late 1980s or early 1980s while bin Laden is still
finishing his university degree, he apparently visits the US. Author Peter
Bergen will later claim, "Undoubtedly, bin Laden took his son for medical
treatment to a western country and it's either the United States or the
United Kingdom. There's some kind of controversy about that." Khaled
Batarfi, a close childhood friend to bin Laden, will later recall more
specifically, "In Washington airport, Dulles Airport, people were surprised
at the way he dressed, his wife dressed. Some of them were even taking
photos and he was kind of joking about it. We were like in a zoo." [CNN,
8/23/2006] Apparently, this is bin Laden's only known visit to the US.
The CIA begins covert action against the Communist government in
Afghanistan, which is closely tied to the Soviet Union. Some time this year,
the CIA begins training militants in Pakistan and beaming radio propaganda
into Afghanistan. By April 1979, US officials are meeting with opponents of
the Afghan government to determine their needs. [Blum, 1995, pp. 344] Robert
Gates, who will become CIA Director in the early 1990s, will later recall
that in a meeting on March 30, 1979, Under Secretary of Defense Walter
Slocumbe wonders aloud whether there is "value in keeping the Afghan
insurgency going, 'sucking the Soviets into a Vietnamese quagmire.'" [Gates,
1996, pp. 145] In March 1979, there is a major revolt in Herat province, and
in June and August there are large scale army mutinies. [Cooley, 2002, pp.
5] President Carter will formally approve covert aid to opponents of the
government in July (see July 3, 1979), which will result in a Russian
invasion in December (see December 8, 1979).
In 1977 Zbigniew Brzezinski, as President Carter's National Security
Adviser, forms the Nationalities Working Group (NWG) dedicated to the idea
of weakening the Soviet Union by inflaming its ethnic tensions. The Islamic
populations are regarded as prime targets. Richard Pipes, the father of
Daniel Pipes, takes over the leadership of the NWG in 1981. Pipes predicts
that with the right encouragement Soviet Muslims will "explode into
genocidal fury" against Moscow. According to Richard Cottam, a former CIA
official who advised the Carter administration at the time, after the fall
of the Shah of Iran in 1978, Brzezinski favored a "de facto alliance with
the forces of Islamic resurgence, and with the Republic of Iran." [Dreyfuss,
2005, pp. 241, 251 - 256]
ISRAELIS vs ARABS
WHO ARE THE REAL TERRORISTS?
By: Hal Turner
North Bergen, NJ USA -- For years, we in America have supported Israel
both financially and militarily because we perceived they were the
innocent victims of hostile and violent neighbors. The US media has,
for years, provided extensive coverage of every incident involving
Arab-against-Israeli violence. From shootings, to car bombs to suicide
bombers, we in America have seen it all. Or have we?
Why would rational human beings, given a choice, choose to attack their
neighbors rather than live together in peace? More pertinent, why
would a rational human being choose to blow himself up rather than
live? The Israelis, the US media and our politicians would have us
believe that the Arabs are simply not rational. They routinely tell us
that Arabs are "religious fanatics" who "hate freedom" or "hate our way
of life" to quote George W. Bush. These arguments are fallacious and
intellectually bankrupt.
The reason for Arab against Israeli violence is simple: The Israelis
have been systematically repressing and brutalizing hundreds of
thousands of Arabs on a scale unparalleled since World War 2. I have
the proof.
Below are photographs of the victims of Israeli violence. They depict
brutal, violent death, horrific personal injury and devastation of
property which is simply unfathomable. ALL of it was perpetrated by
Israelis against Arabs. ALL of the victims are civilians.
As you view these pictures ask yourself this question: What would YOU
or YOUR LOVED ONES do in retaliation for these things?
DANGER: SEVENTY-SEVEN GRAPHIC PICTURES OF BRUTAL
VIOLENCE, DEATH AND INJURY.
NOT FOR VIEWING BY PERSONS WITH WEAK HEARTS!
http://www.halturnershow.com/IsraeliAtrocities.html
Genocide Advocated by The Talmud
Minor Tractates. Soferim 15, Rule 10. This is the saying of Rabbi
Simon ben Yohai: Tob shebe goyyim harog ("Even the best of the
Gentiles should all be killed").
This passage is not from the Soncino edition but is from the original
Hebrew of the Babylonian Talmud as quoted by the 1907 Jewish
Encyclopedia, published by Funk and Wagnalls and compiled by
Isidore Singer, under the entry, "Gentile," (p. 617).
This original Talmud passage has been concealed in translation.
The Jewish Encyclopedia states that, "...in the various versions the
reading has been altered, 'The best among the Egyptians' being
generally substituted." In the Soncino version: "the best of the
heathens" (Minor Tractates, Soferim 41a-b].
Israelis annually take part in a national pilgrimage to the grave of
Simon ben Yohai, to honor this rabbi who advocated the
extermination of non-Jews. (Jewish Press of June 9, 1989, p. 56B).
On Purim, Feb. 25, 1994, Israeli army officer Baruch Goldstein,
an orthodox Khazar from Brooklyn, massacred 40 Palestinian
civilians, including children, while they knelt in prayer in a mosque.
Goldstein was a disciple of the late Rabbi Kahane who has stated
that his view of Arabs as "dogs" is "from the Talmud." (Cf. CBS 60
Minutes, "Kahane").
Univ. of Jerusalem Prof. Ehud Sprinzak described Kahane and
Goldstein's philosophy: "They believe it's God's will that they commit
violence against 'goyim,' a Hebrew term for non-Jews." (NY Daily
News, Feb. 26, 1994, p. 5).
Rabbi Yitzhak Ginsburg declared, "We have to recognize that Jewish
blood and the blood of a goy are not the same thing." (NY Times,
June 6, 1989, p.5).
Rabbi Yaacov Perrin says, "One million Arabs are not worth a
Jewish fingernail." (NY Daily News, Feb. 28, 1994, p.6).
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Some Of The Outrageous Lies About 9/11
By Joseph A. Lopisi
08 February, 2008
It is hard to pick a place to start in terms of talking about the most outrageous lies that the Bush administration and the 9/11 Commission have presented to the people in this country as a reason to attack Afghanistan and Iraq and to launch a "fake war on terror".
The reason I say this is that I have been reading articles and watching videos about the lies and deceptions surrounding 9/11 for the past three years. If anything, there are so many obvious unanswered questions about 9/11. However, not only has no one answered any of these questions but in fact no one in the mainstream media nor anyone in the United States Congress except for Representative Kucinich and Cynthia McKinney have even asked these questions.
Some of these questions are:
1. How is it that at the crash site of Flight 93, NBC and Fox News on September 11, 2001 reported on the scene with video coverage that there was no sign of a jetliner, engines, bodies or luggage? You can go to my website which is http://www.bushstole04.com
and watch this video reportwhich is on my home page. It has never been shown again on the mainstream media.
2. How is it that three steel framed buildings on September 11, 2001 fell in freefall time on their footprint? If you watch the two Towers collapse, it is obvious that they are being blown up. No steel framed building prior to this date or after this date has ever collapsed due to fire. Many steel framed buildings have experienced burning infernos for many hours and never collapsed. WTC 7, a 50 story steel framed building, had two small fires in it with no noticeable structural damage when it collapsed on his footprint in freefall time at about 5:40 p.m. on September 11. You can watch this building collapse on the homepage my website.
http://www.bushstole04.com
3. How is it that the most protected building in the world, the Pentagon, was hit by a commercial jetliner that was being tracked by Vice President Cheney in the basement of the White House for over one hour? Transportation Secretary Mineta testified under oath that he witnessed a member of the United States military ask Vice President Cheney several times whether the order still stood relative to not shooting down the oncoming plane. Vice President Cheney's answer was that the order still stands. You can watch Secretary Mineta's testimony on the home page of my website. The Pentagon is protected by a battery of antiaircraft guns that would automatically shoot down any plane that does not have a United States military transponder on it.
4. How is it that only five frames have been presented by this government to show supposedly what hit the Pentagon on that date. The Pentagon has surveillance cameras ringing the top exterior ring of the building. The FBI within 10 minutes of the attack were confiscating surveillance films from local businesses around the Pentagon. None of these confiscated surveillance films have been released. I would bet that a satellite sits above Washington, DC 24 hours every day and would have very good video images showing what hit the Pentagon.
5. How is it that a large commercial jetliner was able to crash into the first floor of the Pentagon and punch a round hole through three rings of the Pentagon which is constructed of steel reinforced concrete? The nose of a commercial jetliner is made of aluminum.
6. Why is it that Jamie McIntyre of CNN reported on the front lawn of the Pentagon on September 11 that from his vantage point it did not look like a commercial jetliner had crashed into the Pentagon? Why is it that this report has never been shown on mainstream media but can be seen on my website? Why is it that we have not heard another word from Jamie McIntyre or CNN regarding this report?
7. How was it that four commercial airliners were able to roam at will the northeastern sector of the United States without being intercepted? Of course, Flight 93 was intercepted and shot down by the US military. The northeastern sector of the United States is the most protected airspace in the world. There are several Air Force bases very close to Washington, DC and no jets from these Air Force bases came close to intercepting the plane that hit the Pentagon, despite the fact that Vice President Cheney knew the plane was heading towards Washington, DC for almost an hour.
I could go on and on but I will leave that to those who consider the truth about what happened on 9/11 to be important. You can go to my website or many other 9/11 websites and start reading about how outrageous the official 9/11 story is. You can go www.youtube.com and watch five videos that I have produced under my call name which is "bushguiltyof911".
http://www.bushstole04.com
Vice President Cheney met with the heads of the various oil companies right after Bush took office. When the public wanted to know who was there and what they were talking about, Vice President Cheney fought this request to the United States Supreme Court (the same court that elected George Bush in 2000) where he won. They were talking about attacking Iraq in order to gain control of their oil fields. They were talking about attacking Afghanistan to take over the construction of a gas pipeline through Afghanistan. The Taliban, prior to September 11, 2001, had already said no to the Bush administration's request that an American company, Unical, construct the gas pipeline and in response President Bush said to the Taliban that the United States would attack them in October 2001. We did.
The Bush administration's purpose in planning and orchestrating 9/11 was to create an
atmosphere of fear in this country so that the military/industrial/oil/private central banking complex could start their fake war on terror which included attacking Afghanistan and Iraq and probably Iran in the near future. None of this would have been possible without the United States Congress and the corporately owned mainstream media being complicit in so far as not questioning the official 9/11 conspiracy theory but in fact labeling anyone who does question the official 9/11 conspiracy theory as a "conspiracy nut".
Why is it that neither the United States Congress nor the mainstream media question the counting of our votes by electronic voting machines made by companies owned and controlled by neoconservative Republicans? It has been shown extensively and publicly that these electronic voting machines are completely hackable, even remotely, by a high school student. Nevertheless, these machines count approximately 80% of our votes. Why is it that the United States Congress does not require the manufacturers of these machines to make the internal software available for inspection by us before and after these machines count our votes.
Why is it that only Ron Paul speaks out about the scam of the Federal Reserve Bank? Go to my website where I have several streaming videos on my homepage that simply and clearly explain the scam that the Federal Reserve Bank perpetrates on all of us and has done so since its creation. What they call a "business cycle" is actually an intentional manipulation of the money supply for the sole benefit of the cartel of private banks that own the Federal Reserve Bank. The Federal Reserve Bank prints money and then lends it to this government at interest.
Much of our income tax payments go to paying the interest on this loan of paper money that has no backing.
We must not vote for anyone who does not speak out about the lies and deceptions regarding 9/11, the removal of all electronic voting machines from the election process and the termination of the Federal Reserve Bank. Of course, there must be term limits and only public financing of national elections.
Joseph A. Lopisi is an attorney and the webmaster of http://www.bushstole04.com He is the cofounder of the Massachusetts 9/11 Truth Group and is a member of the Coalition against Election Fraud.
